analysis of a pilot-scale anaerobic baffled reactor treating domestic ...
analysis of a pilot-scale anaerobic baffled reactor treating domestic ...
analysis of a pilot-scale anaerobic baffled reactor treating domestic ...
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epresent buulk<br />
conditionns.<br />
Compartmment<br />
samplees<br />
were obta ained using tthe<br />
core sammpler.<br />
Once sludge s<br />
levels had bbeen<br />
recordedd,<br />
the core saampler<br />
was bbalanced<br />
in a bucket and the bung woorked<br />
loose so s that<br />
the core sammple<br />
flushedd<br />
out into thhe<br />
bucket. BBucket<br />
conte ents were viggorously<br />
stirrred<br />
and a sample<br />
withdrawn ffor<br />
storage aand<br />
<strong>analysis</strong>.<br />
Figure 3.7:<br />
Samples weere<br />
collected in 500 mℓ bbrown<br />
glass ssample<br />
bottle es without gaas<br />
headspacee.<br />
3.2.2 Sammple<br />
storagee<br />
and prepaaration<br />
Wherever ppossible,<br />
sammples<br />
were trransported<br />
immmediately<br />
to t a laboratoory<br />
for analyysis.<br />
Samples s were<br />
stored in a ccold<br />
room att<br />
the Universsity<br />
<strong>of</strong> KwaZZulu-Natal<br />
(T Temperature varying betwween<br />
4 and 10 1 ºC)<br />
or a refrigerator<br />
at Durbban<br />
Institutee<br />
<strong>of</strong> Technollogy.<br />
Where appropriate, , samples weere<br />
coarse fi iltered<br />
through Whhatman<br />
No. 1 filter paperr<br />
and micro-ffiltered<br />
throu ugh 0.45 µm acetate filterr<br />
cartridges on-site o<br />
to reduce bbiological<br />
acctivity<br />
durinng<br />
transport and storage.<br />
For VFA measuremennts,<br />
samples were<br />
acidified byy<br />
adding 3 ddrops<br />
<strong>of</strong> conncentrated<br />
HCCl<br />
to 20mℓ <strong>of</strong> sample. SSamples<br />
for unstable an nalytes<br />
were transported<br />
in a coooler<br />
box filleed<br />
with ice oor<br />
ice-bricks.<br />
3.2.3 Anaalytical<br />
metthods<br />
Core Saampler<br />
filled<br />
with compartment<br />
1 sludge (leftt)<br />
and comppartment<br />
8 sludge s<br />
and suppernatant<br />
(rright)<br />
Where posssible<br />
all anallyses<br />
were conducted<br />
according<br />
to Standard S Metthods<br />
(APHAA,<br />
1998). Da ata on<br />
microbiologgical<br />
pathoggens,<br />
and SEEM<br />
work wwere<br />
perform med by Pillayy<br />
(2006) as part <strong>of</strong> his s MSc<br />
research. DAAPI<br />
stainingg<br />
and FISH wwork<br />
were uundertaken<br />
by y Lalbahadur<br />
(2005) as ppart<br />
<strong>of</strong> her MTech M<br />
work.<br />
3.2.3.1 CCOD<br />
Inflow and outflow totaal<br />
COD conccentrations<br />
wwere<br />
measur red by the oppen<br />
reflux mmethod;<br />
filter red or<br />
soluble COOD<br />
concentraations<br />
were oobtained<br />
by filtering sam mples througgh<br />
0.45 µm acetate filter rs and<br />
using the tittrimetric<br />
clossed<br />
reflux COOD<br />
method ( (APHA, 199 98).<br />
3.2.3.2 Allkalinity<br />
Alkalinity wwas<br />
determinned<br />
by potenttiometric<br />
titrration<br />
using HCl H to an ennd-point<br />
pH vvalue<br />
<strong>of</strong> 4.5.<br />
58
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