the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...

products (Mendelsohn and el Obeid, 2004). All these efforts are founded on the
assumption that rural livelihoods can really be improved, which is flawed for the
following reasons:
•
•
•
•
Promoting rural, subsistence livelihoods simply runs against the aspirations
of most people;
Rural life in most areas is hard and insecure because of poor soils, low and
unreliable rainfall, and the prevalence of disease. Services are also hard to
come by;
Making an adequate living in this environment requires much more than the
few hectares most people own;
There are few markets where farmers can sell their products to make a
reasonable income; and
• Finally, capital is required for effective, lucrative farming activities to
develop. Small-scale farmers seldom have access to savings and their
insecure tenure and meagre assets make it difficult to get loans
(Mendelsohn and el Obeid, 2004).
These are the reasons that make rural development difficult, especially for
subsistence farmers who face high risks and low rewards, and have better options
elsewhere. For the time being, however, many rural people have little immediate
hope of moving up the economic ladder, remaining stuck on the bottom rung where
they eke out a living from farming, fishing and gathering. In comparing these rural
poor with people who have entered the modern economy of the Delta, mostly as
wage earners working as civil servants or businesspersons, it is these individuals
that are the 'mover and shakers' of the Okavango region, setting the pace by taking
command of much of the economy and land, and it is this 'elite' group who will
determine much of the Delta's future (Mendelsohn and el Obeid, 2004).
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