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11-11. COVERINGS OF THE CNS Figure 11-6. A cross-section of the spinal cord. The coverings of the CNS are skeletal and fibrous. a. Skeletal Coverings. (1) Brain. The bones of the cranium form a spherical case around the brain. The cranial cavity is the space inclosed by the bones of the cranium. (2) Spinal cord. The vertebrae, with the vertebral foramina, form a cylindrical case around the spinal cord. The overall skeletal structure is the vertebral column (spine). The vertebral (spinal) canal is the space inclosed by the foramina of the vertebrae. b. Meninges (Fibrous Membranes). The brain and spinal cord have three different membranes surrounding them called meninges (figure 11-7). These coverings provide protection. MD0006 11-13
Figure 11-7. A schematic diagram of the meninges, as seen in side view of the CNS. (1) Dura mater. The dura mater is a tough outer covering for the CNS. Beneath the dura mater is the subdural space, which contains a thin film of fluid. (2) Arachnoid mater. To the inner side of the dura mater and subdural space is a fine membranous layer called the arachnoid mater. It has fine spiderweb-type threads which extend inward through the subarachnoid space to the pia mater. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). ARACHNOID = spider-like (3) Pia mater. The pia mater is a delicate membrane applied directly to the surface of the brain and the spinal cord. It carries a network of blood vessels to supply the nervous tissues of the CNS. 11-12. BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE CNS a. Blood Supply of the Brain. The paired internal carotid arteries and the paired vertebral arteries supply blood rich in oxygen to the brain. Branches of these arteries join to form a circle under the base of the brain. This is called the cerebral circle (of Willis). From this circle, numerous branches supply specific areas of the brain. (1) A single branch is often the only blood supply to that particular area. Such an artery is called an end artery. If it fails to supply blood to that specific area, that area will die (stroke). (2) The veins and venous sinuses of the brain drain into the paired internal jugular veins, which carry the blood back toward the heart. b. Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord. The blood supply of the spinal cord is by way of a <strong>com</strong>bination of three longitudinal arteries running along its length and reinforced by segmental arteries from the sides. MD0006 11-14
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U. S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs
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9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMP
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MD0006 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figu
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MD0006 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Pag
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Material Furnished: In addition to
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduc
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terminology. Accountants have debit
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. Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, e
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Figure 1-2. Anatomical position and
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1-11. NAMES a. Names are chosen to
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d. Mitochondria (Plural). Mitochond
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5. What is a cell? 6. What is a tis
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15. In figure 1-6, three points are
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18. In figure 1-8, parts of a "typi
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14. a. Midsagittal or median plane.
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2-1. DEFINITION LESSON 2 TISSUES OF
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d. Functions. According to its loca
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. Types of Bone Tissues. There are
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Figure 2-4. A neuron. Figure 2-5. A
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8. Characteristic cells of fibrous
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2 1.
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 3 The Huma
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3-2. COVERINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY Th
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3-6. GLANDS The types of glands inc
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3-13. BURSA a. A bursa (figure 3-3)
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EXERCISES, LESSON 3 REQUIREMENT. Th
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16. The term serous refers to a . S
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13. Sebaceous glands produce an oil
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MD0006 4-2 4-13. Describe the gener
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Section II. BONE AS AN INDIVIDUAL O
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4-5. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL B
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Example: The frontal bone. (The fro
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d. Capsule. The "typical" synovial
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(2) In the plane joint, the contact
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Figure 4-3B. Posterior view of the
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(d) The sacrum, which is a bony fus
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Figure 4-6. The human skull (front
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PART UPPER MEMBER LOWER MEMBER GIRD
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Figure 4-8. The human scapula and c
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Figure 4-10. The human hand. Figure
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Figure 4-13. The human foot. MD0006
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7. In the early fetus, bones are pr
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17. Name and define the two major s
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19. The regions of the vertebral co
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5-1. MUSCLE TISSUES LESSON 5 THE HU
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Figure 5-1. Skeletal and facial mus
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a. Trunk Musculature. The trunk mus
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. Sesamoid bones, such as the patel
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6-1. GENERAL LESSON 6 THE HUMAN DIG
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a. Teeth. Figure 6-2. Anatomy of th
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6-4. PHARYNX The pharynx (pronounce
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common bile duct. The common bile d
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14. The texture of the pancreas is
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10. The process of digestion is fac
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7-1. INTRODUCTION LESSON 7 THE HUMA
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SUBDIVISION FUNCTION (1) SUPRALARYN
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(2) Oropharynx. The portion of the
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Figure 7-4. Infralaryngeal structur
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7-8. DIAPHRAGMATIC (ABDOMINAL) BREA
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9. The functions of the supralaryng
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 8 The Huma
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8-3. THE KIDNEY a. General. (1) The
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the cortex layer, it once again bec
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eginning of an embryo (the process
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(2) Wall structure. The inner linin
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Figure 8-5. The human male genital
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(1) Surrounding the urethra is a ce
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8. The first coiled portion of the
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21. The external genitalia of the h
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19. The inner lining of the uterus
Page 155 and 156: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 9 The Huma
Page 157 and 158: LESSON 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR A
Page 159 and 160: (1) Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
Page 161 and 162: (1) The arteries carry blood away f
Page 163 and 164: (3) Relationship of wall thickness
Page 165 and 166: ecome closed for whatever reason, t
Page 167 and 168: Figure 9-5. Main arteries of the hu
Page 169 and 170: Figure 9-6. Main veins of the human
Page 171 and 172: a. Lymphatic Capillaries. Lymphatic
Page 173 and 174: 5. The most common types of white b
Page 175 and 176: 18. In the case of collateral circu
Page 177 and 178: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 9 1.
Page 179 and 180: 15. The coronary arteries supply "n
Page 181 and 182: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 The Hum
Page 183 and 184: . The Endocrine System. In the huma
Page 185 and 186: e. Of the many hormones produced by
Page 187 and 188: hormones are involved in the mobili
Page 189 and 190: 5. The pituitary body is a small -s
Page 191 and 192: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 10 1
Page 193 and 194: 13. During the first half of the me
Page 195 and 196: MD0006 11-2 11-12. Define periphera
Page 197 and 198: 11-5. NEURON PROCESSES Figure 11-1.
Page 199 and 200: a. The Synapse. A synapse (figure 1
Page 201 and 202: system (ANS). The CNS is made up of
Page 203 and 204: Figure 11-5B. Human brain (bottom v
Page 205: d. Ventricles. Within the brain, th
Page 209 and 210: (1) Cranial nerves. The 12 pairs of
Page 211 and 212: (4) Visceral motor neurons of the A
Page 213 and 214: organ. The cell bodies of the secon
Page 215 and 216: (2) Motor pathways. A motor pathway
Page 217 and 218: 11-26. GENERAL Section IX. THE SPEC
Page 219 and 220: c. Internal Structures of the Eyeba
Page 221 and 222: (5) Iris. Another structure formed
Page 223 and 224: 11-30. GENERAL Section X. THE SPECI
Page 225 and 226: 11-33. THE INTERNAL EAR a. Labyrint
Page 227 and 228: Figure 11-14. Diagram of the scalae
Page 229 and 230: 11-36. SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (FIGURE 1
Page 231 and 232: f. Cerebellum. The cerebellum has b
Page 233 and 234: 7. Each item below refers to the th
Page 235 and 236: 18. Groups of related functions are
Page 237 and 238: 30. If it carries information from
Page 239 and 240: 46. Name examples of general senses
Page 241 and 242: 61. The orbit is the cavity in the
Page 243 and 244: 73. The central column of the cochl
Page 245 and 246: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 11 1
Page 247 and 248: 19. The ventricles of the brain are
Page 249 and 250: 34. In the ANS, the number of neuro
Page 251 and 252: 52. The outermost layer of the eyeb
Page 253 and 254: ossicles are: malleus, incus, and s
Page 255: COMMENT SHEET SUBCOURSE MD0006 Basi
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