md0006 - BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY.pdf - Raems.com

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A B C Figure 1-3, A. The sagittal plane. B. The horizontal plane. C. The frontal plane. 1-10. DIRECTIONS a. Superior, Inferior. Superior means above. Inferior means below. b. Anterior, Posterior. (1) Anterior (or ventral) refers to the front of the body. (2) Posterior (or dorsal) refers to the back of the body. c. Medial, Lateral. Medial means toward or nearer the midline of the body. Lateral means away from the midline or toward the side of the body. d. Superficial, Deep. Superficial means closer to the surface of the body. Deep means toward the center of the body or body part. e. Proximal, Distal. Proximal and distal are terms applied specifically to the limbs. Proximal means nearer to the shoulder joint or the hip joint. Distal means further away from the shoulder joint or the hip joint. Sometimes proximal and distal are used to identify the "beginning" and "end" of the gut tract--that portion closer to the stomach being proximal while that further away being distal. MD0006 1-8
1-11. NAMES a. Names are chosen to describe the structure or process as much as possible. An international nomenclature was adopted for anatomy in Paris in 1955. It does not use the names of people for structures. (The single exception is the Achilles tendon at the back of the foot and ankle.) b. Names are chosen to identify structures properly. Names identify structures according to shape, size, color, function, and/or location. Some examples are: TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE TRAPEZIUS = trapezoid (shape) ADDUCTOR MAGNUS MUSCLE AD = toward DUCT = to carry (function) MAGNUS = very large (size) ERYTHROCYTE ERYTHRO = red (color) CYTE = cell BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE BI = two CEPS = head (shape) BRACHII = of the arm (location) 1-12. INTRODUCTION Section III. CELLS A cell is the microscopic unit of body organization. The "typical animal cell" is illustrated in figure 1-4. A typical animal cell includes a cell membrane, a nucleus, a nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, and lysosomes. MD0006 1-9
Page 1 and 2: U. S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTE
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs
Page 5 and 6: 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMP
Page 7 and 8: MD0006 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figu
Page 9 and 10: MD0006 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Pag
Page 11 and 12: Material Furnished: In addition to
Page 13 and 14: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduc
Page 15 and 16: terminology. Accountants have debit
Page 17 and 18: . Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, e
Page 19: Figure 1-2. Anatomical position and
Page 23 and 24: d. Mitochondria (Plural). Mitochond
Page 25 and 26: 5. What is a cell? 6. What is a tis
Page 27 and 28: 15. In figure 1-6, three points are
Page 29 and 30: 18. In figure 1-8, parts of a "typi
Page 31 and 32: 14. a. Midsagittal or median plane.
Page 33 and 34: 2-1. DEFINITION LESSON 2 TISSUES OF
Page 35 and 36: d. Functions. According to its loca
Page 37 and 38: . Types of Bone Tissues. There are
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-4. A neuron. Figure 2-5. A
Page 41 and 42: 8. Characteristic cells of fibrous
Page 43 and 44: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2 1.
Page 45 and 46: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 3 The Huma
Page 47 and 48: 3-2. COVERINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY Th
Page 49 and 50: 3-6. GLANDS The types of glands inc
Page 51 and 52: 3-13. BURSA a. A bursa (figure 3-3)
Page 53 and 54: EXERCISES, LESSON 3 REQUIREMENT. Th
Page 55 and 56: 16. The term serous refers to a . S
Page 57 and 58: 13. Sebaceous glands produce an oil
Page 59 and 60: MD0006 4-2 4-13. Describe the gener
Page 61 and 62: Section II. BONE AS AN INDIVIDUAL O
Page 63 and 64: 4-5. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL B
Page 65 and 66: Example: The frontal bone. (The fro
Page 67 and 68: d. Capsule. The "typical" synovial
Page 69 and 70: (2) In the plane joint, the contact
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Figure 4-3B. Posterior view of the
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(d) The sacrum, which is a bony fus
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Figure 4-6. The human skull (front
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PART UPPER MEMBER LOWER MEMBER GIRD
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Figure 4-8. The human scapula and c
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Figure 4-10. The human hand. Figure
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Figure 4-13. The human foot. MD0006
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7. In the early fetus, bones are pr
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17. Name and define the two major s
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 4 1.
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19. The regions of the vertebral co
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5-1. MUSCLE TISSUES LESSON 5 THE HU
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Figure 5-1. Skeletal and facial mus
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a. Trunk Musculature. The trunk mus
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. Sesamoid bones, such as the patel
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EXERCISES, LESSON 5 REQUIREMENT. Th
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6-1. GENERAL LESSON 6 THE HUMAN DIG
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a. Teeth. Figure 6-2. Anatomy of th
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6-4. PHARYNX The pharynx (pronounce
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common bile duct. The common bile d
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EXERCISES, LESSON 6 REQUIREMENT. Th
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14. The texture of the pancreas is
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10. The process of digestion is fac
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7-1. INTRODUCTION LESSON 7 THE HUMA
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SUBDIVISION FUNCTION (1) SUPRALARYN
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(2) Oropharynx. The portion of the
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Figure 7-4. Infralaryngeal structur
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7-8. DIAPHRAGMATIC (ABDOMINAL) BREA
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9. The functions of the supralaryng
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 8 The Huma
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8-3. THE KIDNEY a. General. (1) The
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the cortex layer, it once again bec
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eginning of an embryo (the process
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(2) Wall structure. The inner linin
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Figure 8-5. The human male genital
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(1) Surrounding the urethra is a ce
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8. The first coiled portion of the
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21. The external genitalia of the h
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19. The inner lining of the uterus
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 9 The Huma
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LESSON 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR A
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(1) Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
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(1) The arteries carry blood away f
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(3) Relationship of wall thickness
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ecome closed for whatever reason, t
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Figure 9-5. Main arteries of the hu
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Figure 9-6. Main veins of the human
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a. Lymphatic Capillaries. Lymphatic
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5. The most common types of white b
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18. In the case of collateral circu
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15. The coronary arteries supply "n
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 The Hum
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. The Endocrine System. In the huma
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e. Of the many hormones produced by
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hormones are involved in the mobili
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5. The pituitary body is a small -s
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 10 1
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13. During the first half of the me
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MD0006 11-2 11-12. Define periphera
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11-5. NEURON PROCESSES Figure 11-1.
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a. The Synapse. A synapse (figure 1
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system (ANS). The CNS is made up of
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Figure 11-5B. Human brain (bottom v
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d. Ventricles. Within the brain, th
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Figure 11-7. A schematic diagram of
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(1) Cranial nerves. The 12 pairs of
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(4) Visceral motor neurons of the A
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organ. The cell bodies of the secon
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(2) Motor pathways. A motor pathway
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11-26. GENERAL Section IX. THE SPEC
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c. Internal Structures of the Eyeba
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(5) Iris. Another structure formed
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11-30. GENERAL Section X. THE SPECI
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11-33. THE INTERNAL EAR a. Labyrint
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Figure 11-14. Diagram of the scalae
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11-36. SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (FIGURE 1
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f. Cerebellum. The cerebellum has b
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7. Each item below refers to the th
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18. Groups of related functions are
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30. If it carries information from
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46. Name examples of general senses
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61. The orbit is the cavity in the
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73. The central column of the cochl
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 11 1
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19. The ventricles of the brain are
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34. In the ANS, the number of neuro
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52. The outermost layer of the eyeb
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ossicles are: malleus, incus, and s
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COMMENT SHEET SUBCOURSE MD0006 Basi
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