md0006 - BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY.pdf - Raems.com

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STRUCTURE TISSUE(S) FUNCTION(S) 1. BONE BONY (a) Serves as site of attachment for the skeletal muscles. (b) Serves as lever of motion. 2. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE 3. FIBROUS CAPSULE 4. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE 5. SYNOVIAL SPACE 6. SYNOVIAL FLUID HYALINE CARTILAGE MD0006 4-11 Serves as smooth surface, over which motion takes place. DENSE FCT Encloses articulation. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM 7. LIGAMENT (VERY) DENSE FCT 8. SKELETAL MUSCLE (a) Lines capsule. (b) Secretes synovial fluid into synovial space. - Frees articulation for motion. SEROUS FLUID Lubricates articulation. STRIATED MUSCLE FIBERS Holds the bones together. Applies force to produce motion. Table 4-1. The tissues and functions of structures of a "typical" synovial articulation. c. Multi-Axial Synovial Joints. In multi-axial joints, motion is possible in all three planes of space. (1) The ball-and-socket-type synovial joint has the freest motion in all directions. A spherically rounded head (ball-like) fits into a receiving concavity (socket). The hip joint is an example of the ball-and-socket type, with the spherical head of the femur fitting into the cup or socket (acetabulum) of the pelvic bone.
(2) In the plane joint, the contact surfaces of the bones are essentially flat. These flat surfaces slide on one another (also called translatory motion). The acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder region is an example of a plane joint. 4-11. THE ARTICULAR DISC In three of the synovial joints of the human body, a special addition is seen. This addition is known as an articular disc. The joints with articular discs are the temporomandibular joint of the lower jaw, the sternoclavicular joint (at the sternum (breastbone)), and the ulnocarpal joint of the distal end of the forearm. a. An articular disc is a fibrocartilage plate. It is inserted between the articular surfaces of the bones of a synovial joint. In this way, it divides the synovial space into two spaces. b. Joints having an articular disc are capable of having several different motions occurring at the same time. Mechanically, there are really two joints together here. 4-12. GENERAL Section IV. THE <strong>HUMAN</strong> SKELETON a. The human skeleton (figures 4-3A and 4-3B) is a collection of individual bones articulated (joined) together. b. The major subdivisions of the skeleton are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. 4-13. THE AXIAL SKELETON The axial skeleton is the central framework of the human body. It includes the skull, the vertebral column (spine), and the thoracic cage (chest or rib cage). MD0006 4-12
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U. S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs
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9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMP
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MD0006 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figu
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MD0006 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Pag
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Material Furnished: In addition to
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduc
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terminology. Accountants have debit
Page 17 and 18: . Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, e
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1-2. Anatomical position and
Page 21 and 22: 1-11. NAMES a. Names are chosen to
Page 23 and 24: d. Mitochondria (Plural). Mitochond
Page 25 and 26: 5. What is a cell? 6. What is a tis
Page 27 and 28: 15. In figure 1-6, three points are
Page 29 and 30: 18. In figure 1-8, parts of a "typi
Page 31 and 32: 14. a. Midsagittal or median plane.
Page 33 and 34: 2-1. DEFINITION LESSON 2 TISSUES OF
Page 35 and 36: d. Functions. According to its loca
Page 37 and 38: . Types of Bone Tissues. There are
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-4. A neuron. Figure 2-5. A
Page 41 and 42: 8. Characteristic cells of fibrous
Page 43 and 44: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2 1.
Page 45 and 46: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 3 The Huma
Page 47 and 48: 3-2. COVERINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY Th
Page 49 and 50: 3-6. GLANDS The types of glands inc
Page 51 and 52: 3-13. BURSA a. A bursa (figure 3-3)
Page 53 and 54: EXERCISES, LESSON 3 REQUIREMENT. Th
Page 55 and 56: 16. The term serous refers to a . S
Page 57 and 58: 13. Sebaceous glands produce an oil
Page 59 and 60: MD0006 4-2 4-13. Describe the gener
Page 61 and 62: Section II. BONE AS AN INDIVIDUAL O
Page 63 and 64: 4-5. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL B
Page 65 and 66: Example: The frontal bone. (The fro
Page 67: d. Capsule. The "typical" synovial
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-3B. Posterior view of the
Page 73 and 74: (d) The sacrum, which is a bony fus
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4-6. The human skull (front
Page 77 and 78: PART UPPER MEMBER LOWER MEMBER GIRD
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4-8. The human scapula and c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4-10. The human hand. Figure
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4-13. The human foot. MD0006
Page 85 and 86: 7. In the early fetus, bones are pr
Page 87 and 88: 17. Name and define the two major s
Page 91 and 92: 19. The regions of the vertebral co
Page 93 and 94: 5-1. MUSCLE TISSUES LESSON 5 THE HU
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-1. Skeletal and facial mus
Page 97 and 98: a. Trunk Musculature. The trunk mus
Page 99 and 100: . Sesamoid bones, such as the patel
Page 105 and 106: 6-1. GENERAL LESSON 6 THE HUMAN DIG
Page 107 and 108: a. Teeth. Figure 6-2. Anatomy of th
Page 109 and 110: 6-4. PHARYNX The pharynx (pronounce
Page 111 and 112: common bile duct. The common bile d
Page 115 and 116: 14. The texture of the pancreas is
Page 117 and 118: 10. The process of digestion is fac
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7-1. INTRODUCTION LESSON 7 THE HUMA
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SUBDIVISION FUNCTION (1) SUPRALARYN
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(2) Oropharynx. The portion of the
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Figure 7-4. Infralaryngeal structur
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7-8. DIAPHRAGMATIC (ABDOMINAL) BREA
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9. The functions of the supralaryng
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 7 1.
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 8 The Huma
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8-3. THE KIDNEY a. General. (1) The
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the cortex layer, it once again bec
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eginning of an embryo (the process
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(2) Wall structure. The inner linin
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Figure 8-5. The human male genital
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(1) Surrounding the urethra is a ce
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8. The first coiled portion of the
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21. The external genitalia of the h
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19. The inner lining of the uterus
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 9 The Huma
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LESSON 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR A
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(1) Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
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(1) The arteries carry blood away f
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(3) Relationship of wall thickness
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ecome closed for whatever reason, t
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Figure 9-5. Main arteries of the hu
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Figure 9-6. Main veins of the human
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a. Lymphatic Capillaries. Lymphatic
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5. The most common types of white b
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18. In the case of collateral circu
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15. The coronary arteries supply "n
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 The Hum
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. The Endocrine System. In the huma
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e. Of the many hormones produced by
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hormones are involved in the mobili
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5. The pituitary body is a small -s
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 10 1
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13. During the first half of the me
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MD0006 11-2 11-12. Define periphera
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11-5. NEURON PROCESSES Figure 11-1.
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a. The Synapse. A synapse (figure 1
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system (ANS). The CNS is made up of
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Figure 11-5B. Human brain (bottom v
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d. Ventricles. Within the brain, th
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Figure 11-7. A schematic diagram of
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(1) Cranial nerves. The 12 pairs of
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(4) Visceral motor neurons of the A
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organ. The cell bodies of the secon
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(2) Motor pathways. A motor pathway
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11-26. GENERAL Section IX. THE SPEC
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c. Internal Structures of the Eyeba
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(5) Iris. Another structure formed
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11-30. GENERAL Section X. THE SPECI
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11-33. THE INTERNAL EAR a. Labyrint
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Figure 11-14. Diagram of the scalae
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11-36. SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (FIGURE 1
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f. Cerebellum. The cerebellum has b
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7. Each item below refers to the th
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18. Groups of related functions are
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30. If it carries information from
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46. Name examples of general senses
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61. The orbit is the cavity in the
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73. The central column of the cochl
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 11 1
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19. The ventricles of the brain are
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34. In the ANS, the number of neuro
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52. The outermost layer of the eyeb
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ossicles are: malleus, incus, and s
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COMMENT SHEET SUBCOURSE MD0006 Basi
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