md0006 - BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY.pdf - Raems.com

SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 4
1. The skeleton is a combination of bones joined together that serves as a support or
framework of the human body. (para 4-1)
2. The four functions of the human skeleton are:
a. Bodily support.
b. Protection.
c. Motion.
d. Formation of blood cells. (para 4-2)
3. An individual bone consists of the outer cortex and the inner medulla. (para 4-4a)
4. The two types of bone marrow are red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.
Yellow bone marrow is mostly yellow fat tissue. Red bone marrow is the only site in
adults for the formation of red blood cells. (para 4-4b)
5. The parts or portions of an individual long bone are the shaft (diaphysis) and the
ends (epiphyses). The shaft is the central portion of the long bone. The ends are made
up mainly of cancellous (spongy) bone tissue. An articular or cartilage covers each
area where a bone contacts another bone. (para 4-4c)
6. The periosteum is a covering of bone surface area not covered by articular
cartilage. The innermost layer is the osteogenic (bone-forming) layer. The outermost
layer is an FCT layer. (para 4-4d)
7. In the early fetus, bones are "preformed" as membranous bones and cartilage
bones which have the shape and location of the adult bones. Developing long bones
have growing masses of actual bone called ossification centers. These centers are
located in the shaft and in each end. Preforming material surrounding these centers is
destroyed and replaced with bony tissue. A bone grows in width through the activity of
the osteogenic layer of the periosteum. (paras 4-5a, c, d)
8. Four types of bones according to shape are:
a. Long bones.
b. Short bones.
c. Flat bones.
d. Irregular bones. (para 4-6)
9. A syndesmosis is a joint in which the bones are held together by FCT (fibrous
connective tissue). (para 4-8a(1))
10. A suture is a joint in which the bones are very close together with a minimum of
FCT. (para 4-8a(2))
MD0006 4-32