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5-7. SIMPLE PULLEY SYSTEM Figure 5-3. Types of lever systems. a. In the human body when the tendon of a skeletal muscle slides over a round bony surface, the "system" acts like a simple pulley (figure 5-4). A simple pulley provides a change in the direction of the force or muscle pull. There is no change in the amount of force produced by the muscle. For example, the knee acts as a simple pulley by which the quadriceps femoris M. extends the leg. Figure 5-4. A simple pulley (the human knee mechanism). MD0006 5-7
. Sesamoid bones, such as the patella (kneecap), develop in tendons where pressure is applied to the tendon. 5-8. THE SKELETO-MUSCULAR UNIT The skeleto-muscular unit (figure 5-5) is a working concept of muscle and skeleton producing motion. The <strong>com</strong>ponents of an S-M unit are bones, a joint, and skeletal muscle(s). Figure 5-5. The skeleto-muscular unit (arm-forearm flexion (3rd class lever system)). a. Bones. Bones act as levers and as attachment sites for skeletal muscles. b. Joint (Articulation). The joint is the center, fulcrum, point, or axis of motion. c. Skeletal Muscle(s). Skeletal muscles apply the forces for motion. Any given motion utilizes a group of muscles working together. A skeletal muscle may serve only one of the three following major roles during a particular motion: (1) Prime mover. The muscle which makes the main effort for a given motion is called the prime mover, or agonist. (2) Synergist. A synergist is a muscle which assists the prime mover. SYN = together ERG = unit of effort MD0006 5-8
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U. S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs
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9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMP
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MD0006 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figu
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MD0006 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Pag
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Material Furnished: In addition to
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduc
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terminology. Accountants have debit
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. Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, e
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Figure 1-2. Anatomical position and
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1-11. NAMES a. Names are chosen to
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d. Mitochondria (Plural). Mitochond
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5. What is a cell? 6. What is a tis
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15. In figure 1-6, three points are
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18. In figure 1-8, parts of a "typi
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14. a. Midsagittal or median plane.
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2-1. DEFINITION LESSON 2 TISSUES OF
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d. Functions. According to its loca
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. Types of Bone Tissues. There are
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Figure 2-4. A neuron. Figure 2-5. A
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8. Characteristic cells of fibrous
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2 1.
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 3 The Huma
Page 47 and 48: 3-2. COVERINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY Th
Page 49 and 50: 3-6. GLANDS The types of glands inc
Page 51 and 52: 3-13. BURSA a. A bursa (figure 3-3)
Page 53 and 54: EXERCISES, LESSON 3 REQUIREMENT. Th
Page 55 and 56: 16. The term serous refers to a . S
Page 57 and 58: 13. Sebaceous glands produce an oil
Page 59 and 60: MD0006 4-2 4-13. Describe the gener
Page 61 and 62: Section II. BONE AS AN INDIVIDUAL O
Page 63 and 64: 4-5. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL B
Page 65 and 66: Example: The frontal bone. (The fro
Page 67 and 68: d. Capsule. The "typical" synovial
Page 69 and 70: (2) In the plane joint, the contact
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-3B. Posterior view of the
Page 73 and 74: (d) The sacrum, which is a bony fus
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4-6. The human skull (front
Page 77 and 78: PART UPPER MEMBER LOWER MEMBER GIRD
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4-8. The human scapula and c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4-10. The human hand. Figure
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4-13. The human foot. MD0006
Page 85 and 86: 7. In the early fetus, bones are pr
Page 87 and 88: 17. Name and define the two major s
Page 89 and 90: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 4 1.
Page 91 and 92: 19. The regions of the vertebral co
Page 93 and 94: 5-1. MUSCLE TISSUES LESSON 5 THE HU
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-1. Skeletal and facial mus
Page 97: a. Trunk Musculature. The trunk mus
Page 105 and 106: 6-1. GENERAL LESSON 6 THE HUMAN DIG
Page 107 and 108: a. Teeth. Figure 6-2. Anatomy of th
Page 109 and 110: 6-4. PHARYNX The pharynx (pronounce
Page 111 and 112: common bile duct. The common bile d
Page 115 and 116: 14. The texture of the pancreas is
Page 117 and 118: 10. The process of digestion is fac
Page 119 and 120: 7-1. INTRODUCTION LESSON 7 THE HUMA
Page 121 and 122: SUBDIVISION FUNCTION (1) SUPRALARYN
Page 123 and 124: (2) Oropharynx. The portion of the
Page 125 and 126: Figure 7-4. Infralaryngeal structur
Page 127 and 128: 7-8. DIAPHRAGMATIC (ABDOMINAL) BREA
Page 129 and 130: 9. The functions of the supralaryng
Page 133 and 134: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 8 The Huma
Page 135 and 136: 8-3. THE KIDNEY a. General. (1) The
Page 137 and 138: the cortex layer, it once again bec
Page 139 and 140: eginning of an embryo (the process
Page 141 and 142: (2) Wall structure. The inner linin
Page 143 and 144: Figure 8-5. The human male genital
Page 145 and 146: (1) Surrounding the urethra is a ce
Page 147 and 148: 8. The first coiled portion of the
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21. The external genitalia of the h
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19. The inner lining of the uterus
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 9 The Huma
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LESSON 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR A
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(1) Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
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(1) The arteries carry blood away f
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(3) Relationship of wall thickness
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ecome closed for whatever reason, t
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Figure 9-5. Main arteries of the hu
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Figure 9-6. Main veins of the human
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a. Lymphatic Capillaries. Lymphatic
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5. The most common types of white b
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18. In the case of collateral circu
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15. The coronary arteries supply "n
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 The Hum
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. The Endocrine System. In the huma
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e. Of the many hormones produced by
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hormones are involved in the mobili
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5. The pituitary body is a small -s
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 10 1
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13. During the first half of the me
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MD0006 11-2 11-12. Define periphera
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11-5. NEURON PROCESSES Figure 11-1.
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a. The Synapse. A synapse (figure 1
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system (ANS). The CNS is made up of
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Figure 11-5B. Human brain (bottom v
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d. Ventricles. Within the brain, th
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Figure 11-7. A schematic diagram of
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(1) Cranial nerves. The 12 pairs of
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(4) Visceral motor neurons of the A
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organ. The cell bodies of the secon
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(2) Motor pathways. A motor pathway
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11-26. GENERAL Section IX. THE SPEC
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c. Internal Structures of the Eyeba
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(5) Iris. Another structure formed
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11-30. GENERAL Section X. THE SPECI
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11-33. THE INTERNAL EAR a. Labyrint
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Figure 11-14. Diagram of the scalae
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11-36. SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (FIGURE 1
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f. Cerebellum. The cerebellum has b
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7. Each item below refers to the th
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18. Groups of related functions are
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30. If it carries information from
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46. Name examples of general senses
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61. The orbit is the cavity in the
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73. The central column of the cochl
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 11 1
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19. The ventricles of the brain are
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34. In the ANS, the number of neuro
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52. The outermost layer of the eyeb
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ossicles are: malleus, incus, and s
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COMMENT SHEET SUBCOURSE MD0006 Basi
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