md0006 - BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY.pdf - Raems.com

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3-4. INTRODUCTION TO INTEGUMENTARY DERIVATIVES The integumentary derivatives include the glands, hairs, and nails associated with the skin. All integumentary derivatives are formed from the tissues of the integument proper (dermis and epidermis). All are appended (attached) to the integument proper and are often known as the appendages of the skin. See figure 3-2. 3-5. HAIRS Figure 3-2. The integumentary derivatives (appendages). a. A hair follicle is formed by the extension of the skin (dermis and epidermis) deeper into the surface of the body. Follicles may extend into the subcutaneous layer. b. At the base of the hair follicle is the hair root. The hair shaft grows out from the root. The hair shaft is made of cells from the outermost layers of the epidermis. c. Scalp and facial hairs grow continuously. Other hairs of the body grow to fixed lengths. The types and patterns of hairs are determined for each individual by genetics, including his/her sex. MD0006 3-4
3-6. GLANDS The types of glands included are the sweat glands, the sebaceous (fat/ oil) glands, and the mammary glands (breasts). The ducts and secretory parts of these glands are made of epithelial tissues. Backup or supporting tissue is of FCT. a. Sweat Glands. Sweat glands consist of a coiled secretory portion and a wavy duct which leads to the surface of the skin. The coiled secretory portion is located in the dermis or deeper. Sweat glands are found everywhere on the body in association with the skin. b. Sebaceous Glands. Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance which lubricates the skin and hairs. The oil keeps the skin and hairs flexible. The sebaceous glands are usually found as a part of the walls of hair follicles and their oil flows into the follicle. In a few places without hairs, they open directly to the skin surface. c. Mammary Glands. In the adult human female, the mammary gland lies in the subcutaneous layer anterior to the chest muscle (pectoralis major M.). Its function is to nourish the newborn. A nipple is located near the center of each breast. Around each nipple is a darkened area known as the areola. The tip of the nipple has many small openings to allow the passage of the milk from the milk ducts. These ducts are connected to lobes of glandular tissue located throughout the breast. Fat and fibrous CT fill in the spaces among the lobes. 3-7. NAILS Nails are found on the ends of the digits (thumbs, fingers, and toes). Nails help to protect the ends of these digits. Each nail bed is attached to the top of the terminal phalanx (bone) of each digit. The nail itself is made up of cornified (hardened) outer cell layers of the epidermis. The nails grow continuously from their roots. 3-8. SKIN COLORATION a. The skin includes red, black, and yellow pigments. The proportion of these pigments determine the skin color. This proportion is determined by genetics. The absence of all pigments is called albinism. In albinism, white light is reflected and a pink hue results from the color of the blood shining through the transparent skin. b. These pigments are the source of hair color as well as the skin color. MD0006 3-5
Page 1 and 2: U. S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTE
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs
Page 5 and 6: 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMP
Page 7 and 8: MD0006 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figu
Page 9 and 10: MD0006 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Pag
Page 11 and 12: Material Furnished: In addition to
Page 13 and 14: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduc
Page 15 and 16: terminology. Accountants have debit
Page 17 and 18: . Head and Neck. The brain, eyes, e
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1-2. Anatomical position and
Page 21 and 22: 1-11. NAMES a. Names are chosen to
Page 23 and 24: d. Mitochondria (Plural). Mitochond
Page 25 and 26: 5. What is a cell? 6. What is a tis
Page 27 and 28: 15. In figure 1-6, three points are
Page 29 and 30: 18. In figure 1-8, parts of a "typi
Page 31 and 32: 14. a. Midsagittal or median plane.
Page 33 and 34: 2-1. DEFINITION LESSON 2 TISSUES OF
Page 35 and 36: d. Functions. According to its loca
Page 37 and 38: . Types of Bone Tissues. There are
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-4. A neuron. Figure 2-5. A
Page 41 and 42: 8. Characteristic cells of fibrous
Page 43 and 44: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2 1.
Page 45 and 46: LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 3 The Huma
Page 47: 3-2. COVERINGS OF THE HUMAN BODY Th
Page 51 and 52: 3-13. BURSA a. A bursa (figure 3-3)
Page 53 and 54: EXERCISES, LESSON 3 REQUIREMENT. Th
Page 55 and 56: 16. The term serous refers to a . S
Page 57 and 58: 13. Sebaceous glands produce an oil
Page 59 and 60: MD0006 4-2 4-13. Describe the gener
Page 61 and 62: Section II. BONE AS AN INDIVIDUAL O
Page 63 and 64: 4-5. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL B
Page 65 and 66: Example: The frontal bone. (The fro
Page 67 and 68: d. Capsule. The "typical" synovial
Page 69 and 70: (2) In the plane joint, the contact
Page 71 and 72: Figure 4-3B. Posterior view of the
Page 73 and 74: (d) The sacrum, which is a bony fus
Page 75 and 76: Figure 4-6. The human skull (front
Page 77 and 78: PART UPPER MEMBER LOWER MEMBER GIRD
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4-8. The human scapula and c
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4-10. The human hand. Figure
Page 83 and 84: Figure 4-13. The human foot. MD0006
Page 85 and 86: 7. In the early fetus, bones are pr
Page 87 and 88: 17. Name and define the two major s
Page 89 and 90: SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 4 1.
Page 91 and 92: 19. The regions of the vertebral co
Page 93 and 94: 5-1. MUSCLE TISSUES LESSON 5 THE HU
Page 95 and 96: Figure 5-1. Skeletal and facial mus
Page 97 and 98: a. Trunk Musculature. The trunk mus
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. Sesamoid bones, such as the patel
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EXERCISES, LESSON 5 REQUIREMENT. Th
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 5 1.
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6-1. GENERAL LESSON 6 THE HUMAN DIG
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a. Teeth. Figure 6-2. Anatomy of th
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6-4. PHARYNX The pharynx (pronounce
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common bile duct. The common bile d
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EXERCISES, LESSON 6 REQUIREMENT. Th
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14. The texture of the pancreas is
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10. The process of digestion is fac
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7-1. INTRODUCTION LESSON 7 THE HUMA
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SUBDIVISION FUNCTION (1) SUPRALARYN
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(2) Oropharynx. The portion of the
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Figure 7-4. Infralaryngeal structur
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7-8. DIAPHRAGMATIC (ABDOMINAL) BREA
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9. The functions of the supralaryng
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 8 The Huma
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8-3. THE KIDNEY a. General. (1) The
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the cortex layer, it once again bec
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eginning of an embryo (the process
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(2) Wall structure. The inner linin
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Figure 8-5. The human male genital
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(1) Surrounding the urethra is a ce
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8. The first coiled portion of the
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21. The external genitalia of the h
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19. The inner lining of the uterus
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 9 The Huma
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LESSON 9 THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR A
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(1) Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
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(1) The arteries carry blood away f
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(3) Relationship of wall thickness
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ecome closed for whatever reason, t
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Figure 9-5. Main arteries of the hu
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Figure 9-6. Main veins of the human
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a. Lymphatic Capillaries. Lymphatic
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5. The most common types of white b
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18. In the case of collateral circu
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15. The coronary arteries supply "n
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LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 10 The Hum
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. The Endocrine System. In the huma
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e. Of the many hormones produced by
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hormones are involved in the mobili
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5. The pituitary body is a small -s
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 10 1
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13. During the first half of the me
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MD0006 11-2 11-12. Define periphera
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11-5. NEURON PROCESSES Figure 11-1.
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a. The Synapse. A synapse (figure 1
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system (ANS). The CNS is made up of
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Figure 11-5B. Human brain (bottom v
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d. Ventricles. Within the brain, th
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Figure 11-7. A schematic diagram of
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(1) Cranial nerves. The 12 pairs of
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(4) Visceral motor neurons of the A
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organ. The cell bodies of the secon
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(2) Motor pathways. A motor pathway
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11-26. GENERAL Section IX. THE SPEC
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c. Internal Structures of the Eyeba
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(5) Iris. Another structure formed
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11-30. GENERAL Section X. THE SPECI
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11-33. THE INTERNAL EAR a. Labyrint
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Figure 11-14. Diagram of the scalae
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11-36. SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS (FIGURE 1
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f. Cerebellum. The cerebellum has b
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7. Each item below refers to the th
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18. Groups of related functions are
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30. If it carries information from
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46. Name examples of general senses
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61. The orbit is the cavity in the
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73. The central column of the cochl
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 11 1
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19. The ventricles of the brain are
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34. In the ANS, the number of neuro
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52. The outermost layer of the eyeb
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ossicles are: malleus, incus, and s
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COMMENT SHEET SUBCOURSE MD0006 Basi
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