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Indigenous Soil Management in Amazonia 179 Boster, J.S. 1984. Classification, cultivation and selection of Aguaruna cultivars of Manihot esculenta. Advances in Economic Botany 1: 34-48. Browder, J.O. 1988. The social costs of rainforest destruction. Interciencia 13(3): 1 5- 120. Buschbacher, R. 1986. Tiropical deforestation and pasture development. Bioscience 36(1):22-28. Butler, John R. 1985. Land, gold, and farmers: Agricultural colonization and frontier expansion in the Brazilian Amazon. Ph.D. thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville. Carter, J. 1969. New lands, old traditions. University of Florida. Gainesville, Florida. Chernela, J. 1986. 0s cultivares de mandioca na area do Uaupes. Suma ttnologica brasileira. V6zes, Sao Paulo. Christanty, L. 1987. Shifting cultivation and tropical soils. pp. 226-239. In: G. Marten (ed.) Traditional agriculture in southeast Asia. Westview, Boulder, Colorado. CIAT (Centro international de agricultura tropical) 1987. Informe annual del programa de pastos tropicales. CIAT, Cali. . 1984. Relatorio annual. CIAT, Cali. Clay, J. 1988. Indigenous models of agriculture and forest development. Cultural Survival Report #27. Conklin, H. 1957. Folk ~l~assification, Yale University, New Haven. CPATU (Centro de pesquisas agropecuarias tropic0 umido). 1984. Relatorio annual. CPATU, Belem. Denevan, W. and C. Padoch. 1988. Swidden fallow agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon. Advanced Economic Botany. Volume 5. Dufour, D. 1988. Composition of some foods used in northwest Amazonia. Interciencia 13(2): 83-86. Falesi, I. Ecossistema de .pastagem cultivada. 1977. CPATU, Belem. Fearnside, P.A. 1987. Rethinking continuous cultivation in Amazonia. Bioscience 37(3):209-213. . 1986. Human carrying capacity of the Amazon rainforest. Colombia Press. New York. . 1984. Brazilian Amazon settlement schemes. Habitat Intern. 8:782- 137. . 1982. Deforestation in the Amazon Basin. How fast is it occuring? Interciencia. 782-788. . 1980. Effects of cattle pasture on soil fertility. Topical Ecology. 21:125- 137. Gross, D. 1975. Protein capture and cultural development in the Amazon Basin. American Anthropologist. 77526-549. Hayward and Nakikus. 1981. Protein, energy and nutrition in Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea Food Crops Conference. Port Moreley, New Guinea. Hecht, S. B. 1988. Reanalysing colonist attrition. World Development (submit- ted).
180 Susanna B. Hecht -. 1985. Environment, development and politics: the livestock sector in the eastern Amazon. World Development 13(6):663-685. . 1982a. Deforestation in the Amazon Basin: magnitude, dynamics and soil resource effects. Studies in Third World Societies 13:6 1 - 101. . 1982b. Cattle ranching development in the eastern Amazon: Evaluation of a development policy. Ph.D. Thesis. University of California, Berkeley. - and D. Posey. In press. Preliminary analysis of Kayap6 soil management. Advanced Economic Botany. , R. Norgaard and G. Possio. 1988. The economics of cattle ranching in eastern Amazonia. Interciencia. 13(5):233-240. - and S. Schwartzman. 1988. The good, the bad and the ugly: Extraction, colonist agriculture and livestock in comparative perspective. Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning. Working Paper. - and Posey. In Preparation. Kayap6 soil taxonomy. Huang. 1983. Nutritive value of sweet potato. International Symposium on Sweet Potato. Taiwan. . and N. Lee. 1979. Evidence of no intestinal N. fixation in sweet potato eaters. American Journal Clinical Nutrition. 32: 1741. INPE (Instituto nacionhl de pesquisas espaci8is). 1988. Relat6rio de atividades do projeto IBDF-INPE. Silo Jose dos Campos, Silo Paulo. Johnson, A. 1982. Ethnoecology and planting practices in a swidden agricultural system. pp. 49-67. In: D. Brokensha, D. Warren, 0. Werner, eds. indigenous knowledge systems and development. USA Press. Washington, D.C. Kerr, W. and D. Posey. 1984. Additional notes on Kayap6 agriculture. Inter- ciencia. 9(6):392-400. Kitamura, P.C. and G. Muller. 1984. An8lise econamica do pequeno produpo do norte do Pad. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, BelCm. Moran, E. 1982. Developing the Amazon. University of Indiana Press. Bloom- ington, Indiana. Redford, K. and J. Richards. 1987. The game of choice. American Anthropology. 89(3):650-667. Sanchez, P.A. 1985. Management of acid soils in the humid tropics. Paper presented at Acid Soils Network Inaugural Workshop. Brasilia, Brazil. . 1976. Properties and management of tropical soils. Wiley Interscience, New York. - and J. Benites. 1987. Low input cropping systems for acid soils of the humid tropics. Science. 238: 1521- 1527. , D. Bandy, J. Villachica and J. Nicolaides. 1982. Soils of the Amazon and their management for continous crop production. Science. 2 16:82 1-827. Scott, G. 1978. the moral economy of the peasant. Yale Press, New Haven. Smith, N. 1982. Rainforest corridors. University of California Press, Berkeley. Stocks, A. 1982. Candoshi and Cocamilla swiddens in eastern Peru. Human Ecology (1):69-84.
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Fragile Lands of Latin America PN-
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Fragile Lands of Latin America Stra
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Contents Foreword, Thomas E. Lovejo
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Contents PART FIVE RESEARCH IN PROG
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x Thomas E. Lovejoy as the genesis
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Acknowledgments This book is a coll
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xvi About the Editor and Contributo
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pJ '-,, Mexico ' '-7 Research Sites
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2 John 0. Browder opment, and all t
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4 John 0. Browder Gow fbrther devel
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John 0. Browder Common Themes Three
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8 John 0. Browder Hecht, Susanna, B
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The Geography of Fragde Lands in La
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Table 1 Categories of Fragile Lands
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Plate 4 Coastal desert, northern Pe
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Figure 1 Map of mountains 1,000-plu
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Figure 3 Map of tropical forests (m
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The Geography of Fragile Lands Tabl
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The Geography of Fragile Lands 23 s
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Development of Fragile Lands: An In
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Development of Fragile Lands 27 pro
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Development of Fragile Lands 29 a b
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Development of Fragile Lands 3 1 Th
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Development of Fragile Lands 33 Ind
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Development of Fragile Lands 35 fra
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Development of Fragile Lands 37 was
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Development of Fragile Lands 39 Tra
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Development of Fragile Lands 41 wer
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Development of Fragile Lands 43 Pie
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nansferring Traditional Technology
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Transferring Traditional Technology
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Transferring naditional Technology
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Transfirring Traditional Technology
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Economic Prospects from Tropical Ra
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Agricultural Systems on the Floodpl
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Agricultural Systems on the Peruvia
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Table 1 Number of Riberefio Plots b
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Appendix B Soil Test Data, Selected
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Production and Profit in Agroforest
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Prodtccfion and Profit in Agrofwest
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Production and Profit in Agrofirest
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Production and ProJit in Agroforest
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Product ion and Profit in Agrofores
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Appendix A Santa Rosa Agroforeshy F
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Costs and Benejts of Floodplain For
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Costs and Benefits of Floodplain Fo
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Appendix A Species with DBH 2 5 crn
Page 142 and 143: Appendix B B. 1 Acai Fruit Output (
Page 144 and 145: Sustained Yield Management of Natur
Page 152 and 153: Cuyabeno Wildlife Production Reserv
Page 154 and 155: Cuyabeno WildlifP Production Reserv
Page 164 and 165: Extractive Reserves Extractive Rese
Page 166 and 167: Extractive Reserves 153 extraction
Page 168 and 169: Extractive Reserves Income Generati
Page 170 and 171: Extractive Reserves 157 Table 1 Are
Page 172 and 173: Extractive Reserves Table 2 Rubber
Page 174 and 175: Extractive Reserves 161 embodies th
Page 176 and 177: Extractive Reserves 163 Perspective
Page 178 and 179: Appendix A (Continued) Tree and Fru
Page 180 and 181: Indigenous Soil Management in Amazo
Page 196 and 197: An Economic Analysis oj- Huastec Fo
Page 198 and 199: An Economic Analysis 01' Huastec Fo
Page 200 and 201: Plate 1 A Huastec: farmer, walking
Page 202 and 203: An Economic Analysis of Huastec For
Page 204 and 205: Table 1 Main Characteristics of Hua
Page 218 and 219: Appendix B Value of Huastec Product
Page 220 and 221: PART THREE Strategies for Sustainab
Page 222 and 223: 21 0 John M. Treacy would also curb
Page 224 and 225: John M. Treacy Land and Agriculture
Page 226 and 227: 214 John M. Treacy water. In order
Page 228 and 229: John M. Treacy Terraces are invaria
Page 230 and 231: 218 John M. Treacy Table 1 Crops Pl
Page 232 and 233: 220 John M. Treacy ancient walls, a
Page 234 and 235: 222 John M. Treacy Table 2 Per Hect
Page 236 and 237: 224 John M. Treacy der population p
Page 238 and 239: 226 John M. Treacy Agricultural ter
Page 240 and 241: 228 John M. Treacy Morlon, P. B. Or
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Raised Fields and Sustainable Agric
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232 Clark L. Erickson and Kay L. Ca
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Plate 3 Young potato plants on rais
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242 Clark L. Ericlcron and Kay L. C
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246 Clark L. Erichon and Kay L. Can
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Clark L. Erickson and Kay L. Candle
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Arroyos and the Development of Agri
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 253 Plat
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 255 Plat
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 25 7 uns
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 259 lowe
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A rrqvos in Northern Mexico 261 rap
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 263 The
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 265 fami
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 26 7 Doz
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Arroyos in Northern Mexico 269 Turr
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Developing the Choc6 Region of Colo
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Developing the Choc6 Region 275 and
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Developing the Chocb Region 277 sho
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Developing the Chocb Region 279 the
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Socioeconomic Analysis of Agrofores
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Table 3 Preliminary Financial Asses
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Socioeconomic Analysis of Agrofores
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Abaetetuba (Brazil), 119, 120(fig.)
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Index Biomass, 27, 92, 135 Birds, 1
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Costa Rica, 277 ?in forest, 61, 134
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Index Green manure, 234, 241 Green
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Index Massaranduba latex, 66(table)
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Index Podocnemis spp. See River tur
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Index Seeds, 80, 82, 85, 94, 134, 1
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Index Ubu~u, 117 Ucayali River, 79,
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