Fragile Lands of Latin America Strategies for ... - PART - USAID

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Plate 3 Young potato plants on raised fields at Viscachani Pampa. Community of Segunda Collana, Huatta, Peru, January 1986. Plate 4 Mature potato plants on raised fields at Viscachani Pampa during the end of the rainy season, February 1986.
Raised Fields in Peru5 Titicaca Basin Table 1 Com~arative Labor Calculations for Raised Field ~onstruction~ Example Depth of Fill (cm) rickso on^ 20 ~araycochd 20 ~ara~cochea~ 20 ~araycochea~ 20 ~amos' 24 ~enevan~ 20 Area of Platform Constructed (m2) 1,943 642 1,351 66,801 8,613 na Fill for ha r.f. & Canal (ms) 1 ,m 1 1 ,m 1 1,752 1,000 Rate of Construction (m3/per=n/ day) a One day = 5 hours. Based on Erickson (1985). Based on Garaycochea (1986a, 1987b). Based on Garayaxhea (1986b), convelted to a 5-hour day. Based on Garaycochea (1987b). ' Based on Ramos (1 986b). Based on Denevan (1982). 5.0 4.0 3.2 1.3 1.9 2.6 ha r.f. & Canal (persondays/ha) 200 250 31 0 786 900 769 there were some communal structures associated with cultivation of cerro lands, there was not a tradition of pampa cultivation at all, much less communal cultivation on the pampa. Fortunately for our project, the situation described above which motivated the parciafidades to become involved in communal cultivation of pampa lands also engen- dered a lively interest in raised field reconstruction. Labor Requirements of Raised Field Agriculture The person-hours necessary to reconstruct and maintain raised fields were recorded during several events between 1981 and 1986 (Erickson 1986, 1988; Garaycochea 1986a, 1986b, 1987b). Table 1 summarizes the labor figures derived from these data. The labor used in .the initial construction of the raised fields was highly variable, from 200 to 1,000 persondays/ha (Andean "day" = 5 hours) (Erickson 1988). It is esti- mated that the initial construction, rebuilding every ten years, and annual planting, weeding, harvest, and maintenance of raised fields planted in potatoes requires 270 person-days/ha/year (see Table 2). Production of Raised Field Agriculture The reconstructed raised fields produced impressive harvests. In 1981-1982, the average potato yield on the initial test plots was 8
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Fragile Lands of Latin America PN-
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Fragile Lands of Latin America Stra
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Contents Foreword, Thomas E. Lovejo
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Contents PART FIVE RESEARCH IN PROG
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x Thomas E. Lovejoy as the genesis
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Acknowledgments This book is a coll
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xvi About the Editor and Contributo
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pJ '-,, Mexico ' '-7 Research Sites
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2 John 0. Browder opment, and all t
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4 John 0. Browder Gow fbrther devel
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John 0. Browder Common Themes Three
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8 John 0. Browder Hecht, Susanna, B
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The Geography of Fragde Lands in La
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Table 1 Categories of Fragile Lands
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Plate 4 Coastal desert, northern Pe
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Figure 1 Map of mountains 1,000-plu
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Figure 3 Map of tropical forests (m
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The Geography of Fragile Lands Tabl
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The Geography of Fragile Lands 23 s
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Development of Fragile Lands: An In
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Development of Fragile Lands 27 pro
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Development of Fragile Lands 29 a b
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Development of Fragile Lands 3 1 Th
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Development of Fragile Lands 33 Ind
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Development of Fragile Lands 35 fra
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Development of Fragile Lands 37 was
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Development of Fragile Lands 39 Tra
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Development of Fragile Lands 41 wer
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Development of Fragile Lands 43 Pie
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nansferring Traditional Technology
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Transferring Traditional Technology
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Transferring naditional Technology
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Transfirring Traditional Technology
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Economic Prospects from Tropical Ra
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Agricultural Systems on the Floodpl
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Agricultural Systems on the Peruvia
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Table 1 Number of Riberefio Plots b
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Appendix B Soil Test Data, Selected
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Production and Profit in Agroforest
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Prodtccfion and Profit in Agrofwest
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Production and Profit in Agrofirest
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Production and ProJit in Agroforest
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Product ion and Profit in Agrofores
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Appendix A Santa Rosa Agroforeshy F
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Costs and Benejts of Floodplain For
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Costs and Benefits of Floodplain Fo
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Appendix A Species with DBH 2 5 crn
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Appendix B B. 1 Acai Fruit Output (
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Sustained Yield Management of Natur
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Cuyabeno Wildlife Production Reserv
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Cuyabeno WildlifP Production Reserv
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Extractive Reserves Extractive Rese
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Extractive Reserves 153 extraction
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Extractive Reserves Income Generati
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Extractive Reserves 157 Table 1 Are
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Extractive Reserves Table 2 Rubber
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Extractive Reserves 161 embodies th
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Extractive Reserves 163 Perspective
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Appendix A (Continued) Tree and Fru
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Indigenous Soil Management in Amazo
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An Economic Analysis oj- Huastec Fo
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An Economic Analysis 01' Huastec Fo
Page 200 and 201: Plate 1 A Huastec: farmer, walking
Page 202 and 203: An Economic Analysis of Huastec For
Page 204 and 205: Table 1 Main Characteristics of Hua
Page 218 and 219: Appendix B Value of Huastec Product
Page 220 and 221: PART THREE Strategies for Sustainab
Page 222 and 223: 21 0 John M. Treacy would also curb
Page 224 and 225: John M. Treacy Land and Agriculture
Page 226 and 227: 214 John M. Treacy water. In order
Page 228 and 229: John M. Treacy Terraces are invaria
Page 230 and 231: 218 John M. Treacy Table 1 Crops Pl
Page 232 and 233: 220 John M. Treacy ancient walls, a
Page 234 and 235: 222 John M. Treacy Table 2 Per Hect
Page 236 and 237: 224 John M. Treacy der population p
Page 238 and 239: 226 John M. Treacy Agricultural ter
Page 240 and 241: 228 John M. Treacy Morlon, P. B. Or
Page 242 and 243: Raised Fields and Sustainable Agric
Page 244 and 245: 232 Clark L. Erickson and Kay L. Ca
Page 254 and 255: 242 Clark L. Ericlcron and Kay L. C
Page 258 and 259: 246 Clark L. Erichon and Kay L. Can
Page 260 and 261: Clark L. Erickson and Kay L. Candle
Page 262 and 263: Arroyos and the Development of Agri
Page 264 and 265: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 253 Plat
Page 266 and 267: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 255 Plat
Page 268 and 269: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 25 7 uns
Page 270 and 271: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 259 lowe
Page 272 and 273: A rrqvos in Northern Mexico 261 rap
Page 274 and 275: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 263 The
Page 276 and 277: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 265 fami
Page 278 and 279: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 26 7 Doz
Page 280 and 281: Arroyos in Northern Mexico 269 Turr
Page 282 and 283: Developing the Choc6 Region of Colo
Page 284 and 285: Developing the Choc6 Region 275 and
Page 286 and 287: Developing the Chocb Region 277 sho
Page 288 and 289: Developing the Chocb Region 279 the
Page 290 and 291: Socioeconomic Analysis of Agrofores
Page 292 and 293: Table 3 Preliminary Financial Asses
Page 294 and 295: Socioeconomic Analysis of Agrofores
Page 296 and 297: Abaetetuba (Brazil), 119, 120(fig.)
Page 298 and 299: Index Biomass, 27, 92, 135 Birds, 1
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Costa Rica, 277 ?in forest, 61, 134
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Index Green manure, 234, 241 Green
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Index Massaranduba latex, 66(table)
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Index Podocnemis spp. See River tur
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Index Seeds, 80, 82, 85, 94, 134, 1
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Index Ubu~u, 117 Ucayali River, 79,
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