novel approaches to expression and detection of oestrus in dairy cows

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P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentration, ng/ml 11/01 11/01 12/01 12/01 13/01 13/01 14/01 14/01 15/01 15/01 16/01 16/01 17/01 17/01 18/01 18/01 19/01 19/01 20/01 20/01 21/01 21/01 22/01 22/01 23/01 23/01 24/01 24/01 25/01 25/01 26/01 26/01 27/01 27/01 P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentration, ng/ml 11/01 12/01 13/01 14/01 15/01 16/01 17/01 18/01 19/01 20/01 21/01 22/01 23/01 24/01 25/01 26/01 27/01 Cow 539 Cow 323 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Date Cow 320 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cow 611 Date Date Date Figure 5.7 Milk progesterone profiles from cows in POC 2, progesterone concentration (ng/ml) plotted against date; cows 539, 323, 320 and 611 were all synchronised and came into oestrus 126
P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentration, ng/ml 11/01 11/01 12/01 12/01 13/01 13/01 14/01 14/01 15/01 15/01 16/01 16/01 17/01 17/01 18/01 18/01 19/01 19/01 20/01 20/01 21/01 21/01 22/01 22/01 23/01 23/01 24/01 24/01 25/01 25/01 26/01 26/01 27/01 27/01 P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentration, ng/ml 10/01 11/01 11/01 12/01 12/01 13/01 13/01 14/01 14/01 15/01 15/01 16/01 16/01 17/01 17/01 18/01 18/01 19/01 19/01 20/01 20/01 21/01 21/01 22/01 22/01 23/01 23/01 24/01 24/01 25/01 25/01 26/01 26/01 27/01 27/01 25 20 15 10 5 0 Cow 48 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Cow 516 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Cow 292 Date 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cow 620 Date Date Date Figure 5.7 (Cont.) Milk progesterone profiles of cows in POC 2, progesterone concentration (ng/ml) plotted against date; cow 48 was synchronised and came into oestrus, cow 516 was synchronised but did not show oestrus, 127 and cows 292 and 620 are pregnant controls with high progesterone concentration.
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NOVEL APPROACHES TO EXPRESSION AND
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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2.2.3 Statistical Analyses ........
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5.3 RESULTS .......................
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Furthermore, automated software was
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Hormonal
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Trends in
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ˚ ˚C μM 2D
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CHAPTER 1 - Introduction & Literatu
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the past 50 years and duration of o
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Oestrus growing follicle (Staigmill
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ecomes the main inhibitor of FSH an
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calf at 40-50 days post partum; inv
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al., 2006). However, aged sperm hav
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can occur within 2-3 days, but if t
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educes the incidence of problem cow
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oestradiol, the LH surge and ovulat
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The secondary signs of oestrus can
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There are also changes in normal be
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engage in more natural behaviours i
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1983). Exact explanations and mecha
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2006) and disruption of LH secretio
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1.4.3.2 Milk Yield and Nutrition Di
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influence the ability of the ovary
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cyclicity can be delayed if dietary
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indication for the optimal time to
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calving), 3) pre-breeding heat date
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1.5.2 Physiological Changes Physiol
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1.5.2.3 Body and Milk Temperature T
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physical activity and stage of the
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caused by the general environment t
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may be gained. This is because data
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In summary the objective was to for
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diet, with concentrates at milking.
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oestrus was defined as 3 consecutiv
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The interaction between parity and
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individual oestrus was not signific
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Table 2.4 The effects of the intera
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(361 vs. 578 points, respectively,
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oestrous expression with increasing
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the blood (Sangsritavong et al., 20
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CHAPTER 3 - Single Nucleotide Polym
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population owing to previous select
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Table 3.1 Cont. Follicle Stimulatin
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3.2.4 Sequencing of DNA in the Labo
Page 91 and 92: was achieved. PCR products were rem
Page 93 and 94: 3.4 DISCUSSION The objectives of th
Page 95 and 96: fertility and oestrous expression.
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 4 - Development of a Novel
Page 99 and 100: In summary UWB seems a good option
Page 101 and 102: Initial tests were carried out to i
Page 103 and 104: Therefore this demonstrates that X
Page 105 and 106: which is most important for achievi
Page 107 and 108: Figure 4.9 Horizontal - Vertical Di
Page 109 and 110: that UWB is matching the ‘truth
Page 111 and 112: mounting cow. For example height ch
Page 113 and 114: Backpack 1 st put on in AI stalls E
Page 115 and 116: Cows’ behaviour was assessed at 5
Page 117 and 118: or that the cows were in an area of
Page 119 and 120: plane, but mostly in achieving high
Page 121 and 122: Develop techniques for analysis of
Page 123 and 124: in elastic silicone moulded over a
Page 125 and 126: and time of mount, duration of moun
Page 127 and 128: observed matched with increases in
Page 129 and 130: 5.3 RESULTS Results demonstrate pos
Page 131 and 132: Figure 5.2 Graph showing mounting b
Page 133 and 134: Table 5.1 Results from POC 2 showin
Page 135 and 136: Table 5.3 Efficiency and accuracy o
Page 137 and 138: oestrus and oestrus it is clear to
Page 139 and 140: P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentr
Page 141: P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentr
Page 145 and 146: P4 Concentration, ng/ml P4 Concentr
Page 147 and 148: Activity Activity Activity Activity
Page 153 and 154: 5.4 DISCUSSION The aim of this work
Page 155 and 156: averaged 70% which was lower than t
Page 157 and 158: when the cows lie down, especially
Page 159 and 160: the level of oestrous activity was
Page 161 and 162: technology larger herds must be mon
Page 163 and 164: monitoring could also monitor non-l
Page 165 and 166: antennae which could affect accurac
Page 167 and 168: predispose cows to illness e.g. met
Page 169 and 170: CHAPTER 6 - Overall Discussion & Co
Page 171 and 172: oestrus, h 2 =0.27 (Lovendahl et al
Page 173 and 174: The final section of this thesis de
Page 175 and 176: ate. By using UWB in a commercial s
Page 177 and 178: provides an insight the potential o
Page 179 and 180: BLOWEY, R. (2005) Factors associate
Page 181 and 182: ovine gonadotrophin releasing hormo
Page 183 and 184: GINTHER, O. J., KOT, K., KULICK, L.
Page 185 and 186: associated with embryonic survival
Page 187 and 188: ody condition at parturition on end
Page 189 and 190: Signs in a 24-h Tie-Stalled Dairy H
Page 191 and 192: SHERMAN, E. L., NKRUMAH, J. D., MUR
Page 193 and 194:
Influence of negative energy balanc
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