TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS - University of Canterbury

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I I 1 the principles of the P.D.A. Dill Macky was another Irishman, born in Ulster, and he was Grand Chaplain of the Australian L.O.I. between 1899and 1904. He formed the Australian Protestant Defence Association (A.P.D.A.) in June 1901. The A.P.D.A. was formed to protect the interests of Protestants in the social, political and economic spheres of Australian Iife. l44 He stated that "he was not going to attack the Church of Rome, but its principles, as one would attack the principles of free trade, and not the persons who advocated it." 145 Although his lectures aroused some interest in the P.D.A. this waned quickly, and the organization was defunct by 1907. 146 The lecturers who visited New Zealand highlighted the differences between Catholics and Protestants, but they also showed the divide between Irish Catholic and Irish Protestants. Despite the emphasis on Catholic-Protestant sectarian tension, ethnicity played an important role in all of the tours. The Irish dominated L.O.1. sponsored lecturers and the Catholic Church was greatly influenced by the large numbers of Irish in the Church. I I j J I All of the lecturers with the exception of Chiniquy had Irish connections either by birth or parentage; but even Chiniquy raised Irish issues. For the Catholics, the tour of Hennebery had the result of gaining new converts, bringing back 'lapsed' Catholics who were not practicing their faith and significantly unifying the Catholic community who viewed themselves as a distinct group in New Zealand society. Although the issue of temperance was a major issue in Hennebery's visit, it was the doctrinal disputes that caused the most strife. Most notable was the 'mixed marriage' issue which highlighted the religious tension and separateness between Catholics and Protestants. The L.O.1. bolstered its numbers through these tours as they gained members who were sympathetic to their form of anti-Catholic rhetoric. Issues important to the Orangemen were also raised during the tours, such as the calling for public inspections of convents. The 'ex-nuns' painted such a sordid picture of the nuns activities that this matter 144op. cit., Broome, pp. 116-124. The L.O.1. in New Zealand fonned the New Zealand P.D.A. in Dunedin on 4 May 1903. 1 45New Zealand Herald, 7 March 1905. 146H.S. Moores, rr'he Rise of the Protestant Political Association: Sectarianism in New Zealand during World War I, University of Auckland, M.A., 1%6, p. 33.
112 was given full attention by the Orange Lodges and to their minds it confirmed their belief that the Catholic Church was a corrupt institution. The general anti-Catholic message was also emphasized which the L.O.I. saw as important since their aim was to uphold Protestantism and guard against any advancement of Catholicism in New Zealand. Antagonism between the two groups was increased by the censorship that lecturers such as the Slattery's endured. The L.O.1. felt it had a right to speak out against the Catholic Church and when the opportunity was taken away through press censorship, this reinforced their belief that the Catholic Church had control over the press. Catholics on the other hand, felt that no person or group had the right to criticize their church in such a manner as the lecturers did. They believed that the tours of ex-nuns and ex-priests only stirred up prejUdice against them, through what they saw as misinformation and slander. The visits by Hennebery and the anti-Catholic lecturers gave prominence to the changing attitudes between Catholics and Protestants in New Zealand. The Hennebery visit helped to unify the Irish Catholic community as they sought to maintain their Catholicism in a country where Protestantism was the dominant strand of Christianity. The anti-Catholic lecturers sought to exploit the anti-Catholic tradition that had been entrenched in the heritage of the British settlers. The later visits however, reflected a softening anti-Catholic stance by the Protestant community as the lecturers found it increasingly harder to gather public support for their tours. Overall the Protestants which had anti-Catholic leanings were catergorized as 'bigots' while the 'victims', the Catholics, were able through the efforts of priests such as Cleary to capitalize on the visits by gaining public sympathy.
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TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS: OR
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CONTENTS Page Tables Abbreviations
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ii ABBREVIATIONS A.1.H.R. Appendice
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iv ABSTRACT This thesis is a social
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2 Ulster was greatly influenced by
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Cullen had so assiduously nurtured,
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6 family. To further his argument h
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8 migrants. 24 As there was no long
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disruption, and political frustrati
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12 The Irish Protestants as a group
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14 In Chapters 2 and 3 the L.O.I. a
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Chapter 2. 16 "WE WILL MAINTAIN": O
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18 organizations. The corporate sen
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20 Even though the Peep O'Day Boys
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22 lodges were responsible to one I
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24 environment and his homeland. Fe
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26 Further changes to the clarity o
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28 The Black lodges were founded in
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30 manner. .,59 The lodge referred
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32 The Orange cause is booming stro
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34 achieved in the United States of
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36 A sense of the numerical presenc
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38 supporters. 85 This episode illu
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40 The Orangemen did indeed assert
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42 required. IOI There was also a D
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44 The L.O.I. and the H.A.C.B.S. we
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"Robin Hood and his merrie men."9 T
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48 the avowed aims of the Defenders
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50 have any secret passwords or sig
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52 deputies elected by District Boa
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Friend, having exprcssed your willi
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56 New Zealand Tablet in 1873 the H
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58 reinforced the importance of the
Page 67 and 68: 60 The Catholic Church interfered i
Page 69 and 70: 62 march alone, (they marched with
Page 71 and 72: 64 importance.3 The ritual parade e
Page 73 and 74: 66 North Island which developed the
Page 75 and 76: 68 Orange-Nassau. Orange was a prin
Page 77 and 78: 70 In Auckland on St Patrick's Day,
Page 79 and 80: 72 such as these were part of the a
Page 81 and 82: 74 march through main streets, besi
Page 83 and 84: 76 effective. 31 The Orange Institu
Page 85 and 86: increased sectarian tension between
Page 87 and 88: 80 flow. The Irish were only 3.5% o
Page 89 and 90: again, nativism was prevalent and a
Page 91 and 92: 84 and priestly life. The L.O.I. in
Page 93 and 94: 86 A common theme in these two issu
Page 95 and 96: 88 situation and the married men on
Page 97 and 98: 90 enduring attachment to their pri
Page 99 and 100: total abstinence pledge. Also among
Page 101 and 102: the Presbyterian Church."60 This wa
Page 103 and 104: 96 Master of the Orange Lodge. 69 T
Page 105 and 106: like 'helpless victims adorned for
Page 107 and 108: 100 that he had never been there. C
Page 109 and 110: who managed to gather sizeable audi
Page 111 and 112: 104 1900, 200 pamphlets expOSIng th
Page 113 and 114: 106 of the running sores of bigotry
Page 115 and 116: Protestantism. 108 Shepherd's main
Page 117: 110 many Protestants who had Cathol
Page 121 and 122: New Zealand also had its own instit
Page 123 and 124: 116 The L.O.1. did not have much su
Page 125 and 126: 118 Anti-Catholicism was transporte
Page 127 and 128: 120 the pursuit of solidarity withi
Page 129 and 130: C Rituals and Laws of the L.O.I. an
Page 131 and 132: ! 124 CHINIQUY, Charles, Forty Year
Page 133 and 134: 126 CRONIN, Sean, Irish Nationalism
Page 135 and 136: 128 KEALEY, Gregory S., Toronto Wor
Page 137 and 138: 130 B Articles. ANON., 'Hibernian C
Page 139: 133 MOORES, Harold S., 'The Rise of
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