TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS - University of Canterbury

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35 Lodges did have the power to make by-laws, as long as they conformed with the General Laws of the Association, and were sanctioned by the Grand Lodge Executive.?7 At the half-yearly session of the Grand Orange Lodge of New Zealand, North Island, on 12 July 1907, the Ladies L.O.L. No.7 proposed that they be able to appoint their own Worshipful Mistress and Deputy Mistress. This motion was carried unanimously.78 By gaining further independence from their male counterparts the Ladies Lodges travelled a step closer to being considered equals. It is difficult to establish the numerical strength of the Loyal Orange Institution throughout its history in New Zealand. The reason for this is that being a secret society it did not submit its numbers to the government unlike the Friendly Societies who were required to do this. Even among the Grand proceedings of the annual sessions, the reports only made vague references to the numerical strength of some lodges. A figure for the overall institution was mentioned when the two Grand Lodges of the North Island and Middle Island amalgamated. Major Gilchrist, Grand Secretary of the Grand Council of Australasia, had been invited to perform the ceremony of amalgamation between the North and Middle Island Grand Lodges in 1908. The Nation repolted that he "gave some interesting facts and figures concerning the Loyal Orange Institution, and mentioned that in 1905 there were 31,000 members in Australasia, of which number 3048 belonged to New Zealand. (Applause). And we were still making progress. "79 This figure of 3048 is difficult to confirm in the absence of available figures. Whatever the true figures may have been, the best way to gauge numerical strength was through the annual banquets and parades, although this would include supporters and sympathizers as well as members. These numbers varied from year to year especially as some areas did not always have an annual parade. 77Op. cit., Female Orange Association, p. 7. 780rand Orange Lodge of New Zealand, North [sland, 1907-1908, p. 3. 79yhe Nation, March 1958. This was a reprint of the 1 May 1908 newspaper.
36 A sense of the numerical presence of the Orange Institutions in New Zealand society was conveyed by public displays such as parades. The ritual parade was an opportunity for the Orangemen to declare their objectives to the wider community and to express that they were a unified fraternity. The parades were a peculiar part of New Zealand colonial society.80 Regimentation was a significant aspect of the Loyal Orange Institution. This orderliness was indicative of a Protestantism that was loyal to both God and the British monarchy. The impression was one of a respectable institution that was not disorderly and seditious like the Fenians or Ribbonmen. This 'orderliness' was particularly demonstrated in the annual parades. The Irish experience had shown that these parades were a focus for factional rivalry between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants which increased sectarian tension. Yet in New Zealand a riot was an unusual occurrence despite the obvious tensions between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants in New Zealand. The funeral of an Orangeman was another occasion when Orangemen would gather in full regalia and declare to the public their brotherhood by showing their shared responsibility. An advertisement would be put in the newspaper inviting other Orangemen to attend the funeral. The Grand Lodge provided a Book of Ceremonies wherein was proscribed the format for the funeral service of a member. The orderliness is apparent in the way the procession is arranged. They would walk four abreast, newly admitted first, oldest last, officers bringing up the rear and the Master of the Lodge walking alone behind them. At the cemetery they would form an oval around the grave with the officers on the inside of the circle with the relatives. The Master stood at the head of the grave while the Chaplain was at the foot. The members with joined and crossed hands salute the deceased member three times. 8 ! Once this was done the Chaplain conducted a short service which was full of biblical imagery about death and resurrection. The service ended with a hymn and a short prayer by the Chaplain. 82 Finally, "in solemn silence the Master shall drop his 80See Chapter 4 for a fuller discussion on parades. 8lSook of Ceremonies: Reception of Grand Officers, Ritual of Installation, Inauguration of New Lodges and Funeral Service., Christchurch, Theo. Cox, January 1910, p. 16. 82Ibid., pp. 16-2 1.
Page 1 and 2: TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS: OR
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Tables Abbreviations
Page 5 and 6: ii ABBREVIATIONS A.1.H.R. Appendice
Page 7 and 8: iv ABSTRACT This thesis is a social
Page 9 and 10: 2 Ulster was greatly influenced by
Page 11 and 12: Cullen had so assiduously nurtured,
Page 13 and 14: 6 family. To further his argument h
Page 15 and 16: 8 migrants. 24 As there was no long
Page 17 and 18: disruption, and political frustrati
Page 19 and 20: 12 The Irish Protestants as a group
Page 21 and 22: 14 In Chapters 2 and 3 the L.O.I. a
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2. 16 "WE WILL MAINTAIN": O
Page 25 and 26: 18 organizations. The corporate sen
Page 27 and 28: 20 Even though the Peep O'Day Boys
Page 29 and 30: 22 lodges were responsible to one I
Page 31 and 32: 24 environment and his homeland. Fe
Page 33 and 34: 26 Further changes to the clarity o
Page 35 and 36: 28 The Black lodges were founded in
Page 37 and 38: 30 manner. .,59 The lodge referred
Page 39 and 40: 32 The Orange cause is booming stro
Page 41: 34 achieved in the United States of
Page 45 and 46: 38 supporters. 85 This episode illu
Page 47 and 48: 40 The Orangemen did indeed assert
Page 49 and 50: 42 required. IOI There was also a D
Page 51 and 52: 44 The L.O.I. and the H.A.C.B.S. we
Page 53 and 54: "Robin Hood and his merrie men."9 T
Page 55 and 56: 48 the avowed aims of the Defenders
Page 57 and 58: 50 have any secret passwords or sig
Page 59 and 60: 52 deputies elected by District Boa
Page 61 and 62: Friend, having exprcssed your willi
Page 63 and 64: 56 New Zealand Tablet in 1873 the H
Page 65 and 66: 58 reinforced the importance of the
Page 67 and 68: 60 The Catholic Church interfered i
Page 69 and 70: 62 march alone, (they marched with
Page 71 and 72: 64 importance.3 The ritual parade e
Page 73 and 74: 66 North Island which developed the
Page 75 and 76: 68 Orange-Nassau. Orange was a prin
Page 77 and 78: 70 In Auckland on St Patrick's Day,
Page 79 and 80: 72 such as these were part of the a
Page 81 and 82: 74 march through main streets, besi
Page 83 and 84: 76 effective. 31 The Orange Institu
Page 85 and 86: increased sectarian tension between
Page 87 and 88: 80 flow. The Irish were only 3.5% o
Page 89 and 90: again, nativism was prevalent and a
Page 91 and 92: 84 and priestly life. The L.O.I. in
Page 93 and 94:
86 A common theme in these two issu
Page 95 and 96:
88 situation and the married men on
Page 97 and 98:
90 enduring attachment to their pri
Page 99 and 100:
total abstinence pledge. Also among
Page 101 and 102:
the Presbyterian Church."60 This wa
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96 Master of the Orange Lodge. 69 T
Page 105 and 106:
like 'helpless victims adorned for
Page 107 and 108:
100 that he had never been there. C
Page 109 and 110:
who managed to gather sizeable audi
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104 1900, 200 pamphlets expOSIng th
Page 113 and 114:
106 of the running sores of bigotry
Page 115 and 116:
Protestantism. 108 Shepherd's main
Page 117 and 118:
110 many Protestants who had Cathol
Page 119 and 120:
112 was given full attention by the
Page 121 and 122:
New Zealand also had its own instit
Page 123 and 124:
116 The L.O.1. did not have much su
Page 125 and 126:
118 Anti-Catholicism was transporte
Page 127 and 128:
120 the pursuit of solidarity withi
Page 129 and 130:
C Rituals and Laws of the L.O.I. an
Page 131 and 132:
! 124 CHINIQUY, Charles, Forty Year
Page 133 and 134:
126 CRONIN, Sean, Irish Nationalism
Page 135 and 136:
128 KEALEY, Gregory S., Toronto Wor
Page 137 and 138:
130 B Articles. ANON., 'Hibernian C
Page 139:
133 MOORES, Harold S., 'The Rise of
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