TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS - University of Canterbury

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25 Although there were various Orange lodges formed from 1842 onwards it was not until 26 December 1867 that a Grand Lodge for New Zealand was constituted. 42 The Grand Lodge of New Zealand covered only the North Island. In the South Island, a lodge was opened at Lyttleton in 1864 but this was established by a private warrant. Once the Grand Lodge was formed in Auckland it refused to recognize their Canterbury counterparts. In 1869 the Canterbury Grand Secretary wrote to the Grand Lodge in Ireland to request the authority to open their own Grand Lodge. The reply was to accept the desire of the Christchurch people to have their own Grand Lodge, but the Irish Grand Lodge stated that "the practice uniformly acted upon by this Grand Lodge has been not to interfere with the organization of the Institution when established in any on the colonies, but to leave its action quite independent and self governing. "43 As a result of this affirmation the Grand Lodge of the Middle Island was constituted. 44 It is important to note that although the Orange lodges in New Zealand looked to the Grand Lodge of Ireland for the authority to grant warrants, their Irish counterparts seemed to desire self-determination for their sister lodges abroad. As long as lodges were being established, it was not a major concern who set up independent Grand Lodges. The spread of Orangeism was clearly the greatest priority. (For an overview of the origins of the L.O.l. in New Zealand, see Table 3). Table 3: Chronology of the Establishment of the L.O.I. in New Zealand. 1843- 1867- 1870- 1883- 1888- 1908- First meeting of an Orange Lodge in New Zealand. Establishment of Grand Lodge of New Zealand- encompassed North Island only. Opening of Grand Lodge of the Middle Island. North Island Lodge changed its name to Grand Orange Lodge, North Island of New Zealand. Middle Island Lodge became known as Grand Orange Lodge, Middle Island of New Zealand. First Ladies Lodge opened in Wellington. Amalgamation of North Island and Middle Island Grand Orange Lodges, to become Grand Orange Lodge of New Zealand. 42Ibid., p. 23. As a result of the Grand Lodge being established, the numbers changed on the warrants for the existing lodges. No. 1 warrant was issued on 3 February 1868 which simplified the process of issuing warrants to subsequent lodges. 43Joseph Carnahan, Life and Times of William the Third and History of Orangeism, Auckland, Star Office, 1890, p. 293. This letter was written by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in December 1869. 44Ibid., p. 293. The Grand Lodge of the Middle Island consisted of the provinces of Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury, Otago, Southland, and Westland.
26 Further changes to the clarity of the purpose of Orangeism in New Zealand involved the decision in 1883 to change the name of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand to the Grand Orange Lodge of the North Island, New Zealand. This distinguished it from its southern counterpart- the Grand Orange Lodge of the Middle Island. 45 This act signified the separateness of the two Grand Orange Lodges. These developments led to a lack of unity in New Zealand Orangeism. They remained distinct entities until 1908 when they were amalgamated to form one Grand Orange Lodge of New Zealand. 46 The Orange Institution in New Zealand had a hierarchical structure that involved two degrees: the Orange and Royal Arch Purple (R.A.P.) Degrees The Loyal Orange Institution in New Zealand was generally split into three types of lodges. At the top was the Grand Lodge whose officers had the titles of Worshipful Grand Master, Worshipful Deputy Master, Worshipful Chaplain and so on. These officers were elected each year and the rest of the Grand Lodge consisted of all the officers being elected through ballots. 47 Next was the District Lodge which was formed whenever there were three or more private lodges (the third type of lodge). The purpose of the District lodges included hearing any appeals on the election of Private lodge officers and reporting to the Grand Lodge on any matters concerning election of officers, suspension of members and suspension of warrants of any Private lodges. 48 The third type of Orange lodge was the Private lodge where the members took part in the fraternal aspects of Orangeism, such as the conferring of degrees. It was also here 45Op. cit., Carnahan, Brief History, pp. 37-38. 46Ibid" p. 35-38. At the Triennial Council (the worldwide meeting of Orangemen) in July 1883, in London, they resolved that "in order to promote the interests of Orangeism in New Zealand, it be a recommendation to the Orange Grand Lodge meeting in the North Island that it henceforth bear the title of the 'Grand Orange Lodge of North Island, New Zealand;' and that the Grand Lodge of the Middle Island, being separate and independent, continue to bear the name ... " 47Laws and Ordinances of the Loyal Orange Institution of the Middle Island New Zealand, Timaru, Sentinel Office, 1885, p. 19. 48Laws and Ordinances of the Loyal Orange Institution of New Zealand, Auckland, "Free Press" Office, 1883, pp. 13-14.
Page 1 and 2: TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS: OR
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Tables Abbreviations
Page 5 and 6: ii ABBREVIATIONS A.1.H.R. Appendice
Page 7 and 8: iv ABSTRACT This thesis is a social
Page 9 and 10: 2 Ulster was greatly influenced by
Page 11 and 12: Cullen had so assiduously nurtured,
Page 13 and 14: 6 family. To further his argument h
Page 15 and 16: 8 migrants. 24 As there was no long
Page 17 and 18: disruption, and political frustrati
Page 19 and 20: 12 The Irish Protestants as a group
Page 21 and 22: 14 In Chapters 2 and 3 the L.O.I. a
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2. 16 "WE WILL MAINTAIN": O
Page 25 and 26: 18 organizations. The corporate sen
Page 27 and 28: 20 Even though the Peep O'Day Boys
Page 29 and 30: 22 lodges were responsible to one I
Page 31: 24 environment and his homeland. Fe
Page 35 and 36: 28 The Black lodges were founded in
Page 37 and 38: 30 manner. .,59 The lodge referred
Page 39 and 40: 32 The Orange cause is booming stro
Page 41 and 42: 34 achieved in the United States of
Page 43 and 44: 36 A sense of the numerical presenc
Page 45 and 46: 38 supporters. 85 This episode illu
Page 47 and 48: 40 The Orangemen did indeed assert
Page 49 and 50: 42 required. IOI There was also a D
Page 51 and 52: 44 The L.O.I. and the H.A.C.B.S. we
Page 53 and 54: "Robin Hood and his merrie men."9 T
Page 55 and 56: 48 the avowed aims of the Defenders
Page 57 and 58: 50 have any secret passwords or sig
Page 59 and 60: 52 deputies elected by District Boa
Page 61 and 62: Friend, having exprcssed your willi
Page 63 and 64: 56 New Zealand Tablet in 1873 the H
Page 65 and 66: 58 reinforced the importance of the
Page 67 and 68: 60 The Catholic Church interfered i
Page 69 and 70: 62 march alone, (they marched with
Page 71 and 72: 64 importance.3 The ritual parade e
Page 73 and 74: 66 North Island which developed the
Page 75 and 76: 68 Orange-Nassau. Orange was a prin
Page 77 and 78: 70 In Auckland on St Patrick's Day,
Page 79 and 80: 72 such as these were part of the a
Page 81 and 82: 74 march through main streets, besi
Page 83 and 84:
76 effective. 31 The Orange Institu
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increased sectarian tension between
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80 flow. The Irish were only 3.5% o
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again, nativism was prevalent and a
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84 and priestly life. The L.O.I. in
Page 93 and 94:
86 A common theme in these two issu
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88 situation and the married men on
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90 enduring attachment to their pri
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total abstinence pledge. Also among
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the Presbyterian Church."60 This wa
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96 Master of the Orange Lodge. 69 T
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like 'helpless victims adorned for
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100 that he had never been there. C
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who managed to gather sizeable audi
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104 1900, 200 pamphlets expOSIng th
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106 of the running sores of bigotry
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Protestantism. 108 Shepherd's main
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110 many Protestants who had Cathol
Page 119 and 120:
112 was given full attention by the
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New Zealand also had its own instit
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116 The L.O.1. did not have much su
Page 125 and 126:
118 Anti-Catholicism was transporte
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120 the pursuit of solidarity withi
Page 129 and 130:
C Rituals and Laws of the L.O.I. an
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! 124 CHINIQUY, Charles, Forty Year
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126 CRONIN, Sean, Irish Nationalism
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128 KEALEY, Gregory S., Toronto Wor
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130 B Articles. ANON., 'Hibernian C
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133 MOORES, Harold S., 'The Rise of
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