TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS - University of Canterbury

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in regalia, and accustoming the Catholic laity to take an active and energetic part in movements for Church and school expansion 69 This editorial expresses that the Hibernians lacked members because there were two portions of the Catholic public- one that was indifferent to any benefit society and the 61 other that belonged to other benefit societies. 7o The chance for 'mixed marriages' must have been higher if Catholics joined a non-Catholic benefit society as they would have joined with non-Catholics at social functions. The Hibernians and the Catholic hierarchy emphasized the 'Catholic' nature of the society and its financial and spiritual rewards through membership. A running advertisement for the Hibernians in the New Zealand Tablet implored that the "Catholic Community is earnestly requested to support this excellent Organization for it inculcates a love of Holy Faith and Patriotism in addition to the unsurpassed benefits and privileges of membership. "71 Despite these constant requests for membership the numerical strength of the Hibernians was never spectacular. There were 899 members in 1873, 2,500 in 1909 and 3,096 In 1913. 72 Davis argues that the reason for the unspectacular growth was that the Hibernians were caught between two positions. On the one hand, timid Catholics were unwilling to become identified with an Irish nationalist organization might require them to parade, especially in hostile areas like Christchurch, wearing provocative insignia, on the other, the more ardent patriots might well feel that the Hibernians were too moderate. This contention is borne out by the fact that the 1880s, a period of Irish nationalist ferment, were marked only by slow Hibernian progress. On the West Coast support for Home Rule was passionate but for Hibemianism merely tepid.?3 It is hard to imagine that there were so many timid Catholic males in areas such as Christchurch who did not have a history of parading on St Patrick's Day, as the Hibernians usually marched on religious feast days or at civic parades. On these occasions they did not 69Jbid., 9 March 1899. 7Orbid., 9 March 1899. 7 1 Ibid. This appeared in many earl y issues. 720p. cit., Davis, Irish Issues, p. 68.
62 march alone, (they marched with Catholic schoolchildren or in church processions), unlike the Orangemen who did march by themselves. The real reason for lack of membership may have been that the other friendly societies offered more attractive benefits which would suggest that the desire for financial security outweighed any loyalty to one's denomination. Greater membership would have given the Hibernian society a stronger economic base from which to offer better benefits. Failure to increase their membership decreased their capacity to attract Catholics away from other benefit societies. Many Catholics may have felt that they had their spiritual and social needs met by going to mass or joining sodalities which had a single purpose. 74 The Hibernians, by trying to be all things to all Catholics, could have overlooked the purpose of a friendly society which was just to provide the best benefits possible. 74The Hibernian's focus on lrishness would not have been a drawcard for the membership of Anglo or French Catholics.
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TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS: OR
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CONTENTS Page Tables Abbreviations
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ii ABBREVIATIONS A.1.H.R. Appendice
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iv ABSTRACT This thesis is a social
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2 Ulster was greatly influenced by
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Cullen had so assiduously nurtured,
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6 family. To further his argument h
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8 migrants. 24 As there was no long
Page 17 and 18: disruption, and political frustrati
Page 19 and 20: 12 The Irish Protestants as a group
Page 21 and 22: 14 In Chapters 2 and 3 the L.O.I. a
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2. 16 "WE WILL MAINTAIN": O
Page 25 and 26: 18 organizations. The corporate sen
Page 27 and 28: 20 Even though the Peep O'Day Boys
Page 29 and 30: 22 lodges were responsible to one I
Page 31 and 32: 24 environment and his homeland. Fe
Page 33 and 34: 26 Further changes to the clarity o
Page 35 and 36: 28 The Black lodges were founded in
Page 37 and 38: 30 manner. .,59 The lodge referred
Page 39 and 40: 32 The Orange cause is booming stro
Page 41 and 42: 34 achieved in the United States of
Page 43 and 44: 36 A sense of the numerical presenc
Page 45 and 46: 38 supporters. 85 This episode illu
Page 47 and 48: 40 The Orangemen did indeed assert
Page 49 and 50: 42 required. IOI There was also a D
Page 51 and 52: 44 The L.O.I. and the H.A.C.B.S. we
Page 53 and 54: "Robin Hood and his merrie men."9 T
Page 55 and 56: 48 the avowed aims of the Defenders
Page 57 and 58: 50 have any secret passwords or sig
Page 59 and 60: 52 deputies elected by District Boa
Page 61 and 62: Friend, having exprcssed your willi
Page 63 and 64: 56 New Zealand Tablet in 1873 the H
Page 65 and 66: 58 reinforced the importance of the
Page 67: 60 The Catholic Church interfered i
Page 71 and 72: 64 importance.3 The ritual parade e
Page 73 and 74: 66 North Island which developed the
Page 75 and 76: 68 Orange-Nassau. Orange was a prin
Page 77 and 78: 70 In Auckland on St Patrick's Day,
Page 79 and 80: 72 such as these were part of the a
Page 81 and 82: 74 march through main streets, besi
Page 83 and 84: 76 effective. 31 The Orange Institu
Page 85 and 86: increased sectarian tension between
Page 87 and 88: 80 flow. The Irish were only 3.5% o
Page 89 and 90: again, nativism was prevalent and a
Page 91 and 92: 84 and priestly life. The L.O.I. in
Page 93 and 94: 86 A common theme in these two issu
Page 95 and 96: 88 situation and the married men on
Page 97 and 98: 90 enduring attachment to their pri
Page 99 and 100: total abstinence pledge. Also among
Page 101 and 102: the Presbyterian Church."60 This wa
Page 103 and 104: 96 Master of the Orange Lodge. 69 T
Page 105 and 106: like 'helpless victims adorned for
Page 107 and 108: 100 that he had never been there. C
Page 109 and 110: who managed to gather sizeable audi
Page 111 and 112: 104 1900, 200 pamphlets expOSIng th
Page 113 and 114: 106 of the running sores of bigotry
Page 115 and 116: Protestantism. 108 Shepherd's main
Page 117 and 118: 110 many Protestants who had Cathol
Page 119 and 120:
112 was given full attention by the
Page 121 and 122:
New Zealand also had its own instit
Page 123 and 124:
116 The L.O.1. did not have much su
Page 125 and 126:
118 Anti-Catholicism was transporte
Page 127 and 128:
120 the pursuit of solidarity withi
Page 129 and 130:
C Rituals and Laws of the L.O.I. an
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! 124 CHINIQUY, Charles, Forty Year
Page 133 and 134:
126 CRONIN, Sean, Irish Nationalism
Page 135 and 136:
128 KEALEY, Gregory S., Toronto Wor
Page 137 and 138:
130 B Articles. ANON., 'Hibernian C
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133 MOORES, Harold S., 'The Rise of
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