TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS - University of Canterbury

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Church's involvement in controversy.28 Laracy dealt with the 'paranoia' of Moran's anti- Catholic fears. by stating that Moran's religion is heavily characterised by defining and limiting 'accidents'. The suspicion of Protestants, the fear of conspiracy, the horror of secularism in education and government, the smarting of Irish grievances are elements which neither belong to nor become Catholicism. Nevertheless. they were inseparable from Moran's Catholicism and were the determinants of the 'image' which he had of it and by which it was known 29 O'Connor, through the means of New Zealand political history, deals with the issues of sectarianism and in particular the Protestant Political Association (P.P.A). This association flourished between 1917 and 1919 when the ex-Orange Grand Master William Massey was Prime Minister. This period was seen as a time of, (to use the phrase of the 9 Catholic bishop of Auckland, Henry Cleary), 'a cycle of sectarian epilepsy'. referring to the activities of the P.P.A. and their 'anti-Catholic' agenda. Cleary was O'Connor demonstrates the ability of the P.P.A to influence New Zealand politics. O'Connor and Laracy highlight the power of sectarian conflict to dominate New Zealand political issues. The landmark thesis of Harold Stephen Moores was contemporaneous with O'Connor's work and both concentrated on the P.P.A. The difference between the two was that O'Connor emphasized the extent of conflict that ensued with P.P.A involvement in New Zealand politics while Moores plotted the background to the P.P.A. and their impact on New Zealand politics. Through extensive primary research Moores was able to provide the background of sectarianism in New Zealand during the first world war. His main focus was on the Loyal Orange Institution (L.O.I.) and its 'anti-Catholic' history which formed the base by which the P.P.A. was formed and eventually numerically outgrew its parent body. At the heart of his thesis Moores argued that middle-class Liberalism in this period. in its sources. values, and modes of expression. does seem to contain within itself the seeds of such sectarian bitterness and anti-Catholic feeling, while the Great War provides a kind of hot-house atmosphere compounded of personal suffering. social 28See P.S. O'Connor's articles- 'Mr Massey and the P.P.A.- A suspicion confirmed', New Zealand Journal of Public Administration, March 1966; 'Protestants, Catholics, and the New Zealand Government, 1916-1918', in G.A. Wood and P.S. O'Connor (eds), W.P. Morrell: A Tribute, Dunedin, University of Otago Press, 1973; 'Sectarian Conflict in New Zealand, 1911-1920', Political Science, yol. 19, no. 1, July 1967; 'Storm over the Clergy- New Zealand 1917', Journal of Religious Historv, vol. 4, no. 2, December 1966. 290p. cit., Laracy, 'The Life and Context of Bishop Patrick Moran', p. 145.
disruption, and political frustration that enables these seeds to sprout and grow quickl y to full hcight. 30 Moores places the issue of sectarianism In New Zealand into a larger perspective by mentioning nineteenth-century middle class liberalism. This liberalism included a strand of militant Protestantism and this contributed to sectarian tension. While down playing the extent of sectarianism, Moores did state that "for a time in the early twentieth century, sectarian and ethnic tensions came to playa major role in New Zealand life and politics")l Sectarianism has been evident throughout New Zealand's history but during the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, sectarianism was an obvious feature in the political and social scenes. Both Moores)and O'Connors)focus on the P.P.A. emphasized Protestant sectarianism and thus down played the contribution of Catholics to the tensions. Through his study on Moran, Laracy emphasized Moran's suspicion of Protestants. This proves that both sides added fuel to religious tensions through their prejudices and suspicions. The next significant contribution to the research on the Irish in New Zealand was Neil Yaney's thesis which highlighted the differences between Irish Catholics and the French Priests on the West Coast. 32 Although Yaney deals with the Irish more in terms of the Catholic Church he does reach the conclusion that there was very little theological difference between the Irish and French priests but that in the political arena the Irish were much more active. The issue of Home Rule was a notable example. An important feature about Yaney's thesis was that it was a critique of Davis' work. Yaney felt that Davis relied too much on the New Zealand Tablet for information and took the rhetoric of it and Moran too seriously. Yaney sought to counter-balance this by his use of other archival resources. 10 3DJ;arold S. Moores, The Rise of the Protestant Political Association: Sectarianism in N.Z. during World War I', University of Auckland, M.A., 1966, p. 6. See also Max Satchell, 'Pulpit Politics: The Protestant Political Association in Dunedin from 1917 to 1922', University of Otago, B.A. (Hons), 1983. 3 IIbid., p. IS. 32Neil Yaney, The Dual Tradition, Irish Catholics and French Priests in New Zealand: The West Coast Experience, 1865- 19\0', University of Canterbury, M.A ., 1
Page 1 and 2: TRANSPLANTED IRISH INSTITUTIONS: OR
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Tables Abbreviations
Page 5 and 6: ii ABBREVIATIONS A.1.H.R. Appendice
Page 7 and 8: iv ABSTRACT This thesis is a social
Page 9 and 10: 2 Ulster was greatly influenced by
Page 11 and 12: Cullen had so assiduously nurtured,
Page 13 and 14: 6 family. To further his argument h
Page 15: 8 migrants. 24 As there was no long
Page 19 and 20: 12 The Irish Protestants as a group
Page 21 and 22: 14 In Chapters 2 and 3 the L.O.I. a
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2. 16 "WE WILL MAINTAIN": O
Page 25 and 26: 18 organizations. The corporate sen
Page 27 and 28: 20 Even though the Peep O'Day Boys
Page 29 and 30: 22 lodges were responsible to one I
Page 31 and 32: 24 environment and his homeland. Fe
Page 33 and 34: 26 Further changes to the clarity o
Page 35 and 36: 28 The Black lodges were founded in
Page 37 and 38: 30 manner. .,59 The lodge referred
Page 39 and 40: 32 The Orange cause is booming stro
Page 41 and 42: 34 achieved in the United States of
Page 43 and 44: 36 A sense of the numerical presenc
Page 45 and 46: 38 supporters. 85 This episode illu
Page 47 and 48: 40 The Orangemen did indeed assert
Page 49 and 50: 42 required. IOI There was also a D
Page 51 and 52: 44 The L.O.I. and the H.A.C.B.S. we
Page 53 and 54: "Robin Hood and his merrie men."9 T
Page 55 and 56: 48 the avowed aims of the Defenders
Page 57 and 58: 50 have any secret passwords or sig
Page 59 and 60: 52 deputies elected by District Boa
Page 61 and 62: Friend, having exprcssed your willi
Page 63 and 64: 56 New Zealand Tablet in 1873 the H
Page 65 and 66: 58 reinforced the importance of the
Page 67 and 68:
60 The Catholic Church interfered i
Page 69 and 70:
62 march alone, (they marched with
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64 importance.3 The ritual parade e
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66 North Island which developed the
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68 Orange-Nassau. Orange was a prin
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70 In Auckland on St Patrick's Day,
Page 79 and 80:
72 such as these were part of the a
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74 march through main streets, besi
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76 effective. 31 The Orange Institu
Page 85 and 86:
increased sectarian tension between
Page 87 and 88:
80 flow. The Irish were only 3.5% o
Page 89 and 90:
again, nativism was prevalent and a
Page 91 and 92:
84 and priestly life. The L.O.I. in
Page 93 and 94:
86 A common theme in these two issu
Page 95 and 96:
88 situation and the married men on
Page 97 and 98:
90 enduring attachment to their pri
Page 99 and 100:
total abstinence pledge. Also among
Page 101 and 102:
the Presbyterian Church."60 This wa
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96 Master of the Orange Lodge. 69 T
Page 105 and 106:
like 'helpless victims adorned for
Page 107 and 108:
100 that he had never been there. C
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who managed to gather sizeable audi
Page 111 and 112:
104 1900, 200 pamphlets expOSIng th
Page 113 and 114:
106 of the running sores of bigotry
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Protestantism. 108 Shepherd's main
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110 many Protestants who had Cathol
Page 119 and 120:
112 was given full attention by the
Page 121 and 122:
New Zealand also had its own instit
Page 123 and 124:
116 The L.O.1. did not have much su
Page 125 and 126:
118 Anti-Catholicism was transporte
Page 127 and 128:
120 the pursuit of solidarity withi
Page 129 and 130:
C Rituals and Laws of the L.O.I. an
Page 131 and 132:
! 124 CHINIQUY, Charles, Forty Year
Page 133 and 134:
126 CRONIN, Sean, Irish Nationalism
Page 135 and 136:
128 KEALEY, Gregory S., Toronto Wor
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130 B Articles. ANON., 'Hibernian C
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133 MOORES, Harold S., 'The Rise of
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