Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo: Report 2011

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Part One: reports on specialist work 4
Creating Digital Archaeological Landscapes: An archaeological GIS for the NBNM project. Emmett O’Keeffe, UCD School of Archaeology Introduction This report outlines the construction of a GIS for digitally managing and analysing the spatial component of the NBNM archive. The report introduces the aims and methodology of the GIS component before outlining the main foci and outcomes of work. Aims The general aim of the GIS component of the NBNM project is to digitise the paper archive of four decades of research on the prehistoric landscapes of North Mayo. This paper archive includes large and small-scale plans of sub-peat and extant fieldwall survey, plans of excavation cuttings from a number of excavations of prehistoric sites and detailed mid- and post-ex plans from a number of excavations. The GIS portion of the NBNM project has focused on the digitisation of the paper archive; the georectification of all relevant plans; the digitisation of the majority of these plans; the integration of these with other relevant landscape datasets and the production of outputs. The paper archive consists of 347 drawings, of these, 288 were scanned as part of Phase 1 with the remainder being scanned as part of phase 2. These drawings are from a variety of sources such as original primary drawings, excavation reports and MA theses (Byrne 1986, Dunne 1985). These drawings vary in source type and consist mainly of: pencil drawings on permatrace, inked drawings on permatrace, pencil drawings on paper, digitally printed or photocopied drawings. The original size of these drawings can vary quite considerably from extremely large sheets of permatrace representing landscape-scale plans of sub-peat fieldwalls to A4 sized plans of numerous excavation trenches from a variety of archaeological sites. A methodology was devised to include all relevant drawings within one integrated GIS to allow a series of analytical and representative options in the future. The scanning methodology established during phase 1 of the GIS project has been continued. All image scans are monochrome lineart or greyscale, decisions on the most suitable selection were made on a case by case basis to produce the clearest images possible from the original paper archive. A standard scanning resolution of 400 dpi was used and was increased for 80 images when deemed necessary. All images were saved as .tiff format. Scanned images are organized into folders by date of scanning and all images follow the nomenclature ‘Scan_###_sitename.tif’, for example, ‘Scan_025_Rathlackan.tif’. One of the key goals of this project has been the georeferencing of plans of both regional fieldwall surveys and excavations. Georeferencing an image ties that image into a spatial framework so that it can be accurately plotted within a framework such as the Irish National Grid. A series of images, representing the key foci for this project have been georectified. These vary from regional sub-peat fieldwall plans to plans of individual excavation trenches. This georectification forms the basis for all digitising work undertaken. Due to the diverse generation methods of the paper archive and the variation between different projects and different spatial scales a number of methods have been used to georectify images relating to different geographic foci. 5
Page 1 and 2: Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Introduction ....
Page 5 and 6: Scientific Research associated with
Page 7 and 8: Introduction This report reviews th
Page 9: - A summary of the radiocarbon dati
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2: Data Model for NBNM GIS R
Page 15 and 16: Figure 4: example of outputs at Cé
Page 17 and 18: Rathlackan As a result of a lack of
Page 19 and 20: Radiocarbon Dating A further tranch
Page 21 and 22: RATHLACKAN Lab Number F no S. No Co
Page 23 and 24: GLENULRA ENCLOSURE Notes Cal BC (95
Page 25 and 26: Lab Code Cutting Sample Material AR
Page 27 and 28: Charcoal analysis from Neolithic an
Page 29 and 30: Results Overall charcoal 83 samples
Page 31 and 32: Glenulra Scatter 92E140 Middle Neol
Page 33 and 34: Oak and birch were recorded from Cu
Page 35 and 36: 35 30 no of samples 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 37 and 38: Area A A long length of Neolithic f
Page 39 and 40: piece was 17 years old when cut, ba
Page 41 and 42: elating to midden B2P and from five
Page 43 and 44: 1% 6% Corylus 1% 14% 25% 0% 2% 4% 4
Page 45 and 46: posts burnt in situ. Rather the pos
Page 47 and 48: When the charcoal is examined throu
Page 49 and 50: at Glenulra scatter. Alder was iden
Page 51 and 52: een freely available in the area. T
Page 53 and 54: References Byrne, G., Warren, G., W
Page 55 and 56: Verrill, L. and Tipping, R. 2010. U
Page 57 and 58: Table 3 Charcoal identifications fr
Page 59 and 60: Sample Date Ctg Context Description
Page 61 and 62:
Sample Date Ctg Context Description
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Sample Trench Time period Descripti
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Table 7 Wood identification details
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Table 8 Charcoal identifications fr
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Cutting Sample Date Feature Descrip
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Table 8 Sample assessment Rathlacka
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Phase F. S. Trench Deposit type Loc
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Behy-Glenulra: Céide Fields visito
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A possible midden (B2P) contained a
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Wild remains Hazelnut shell fragmen
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References Beijerinck, W. 1947. Zad
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Verrill, L. and Tipping, R. 2010. A
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Soils and Geology Graeme Warren Thi
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Figure 3: overview of geological fe
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distinctive deposits and landscape
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Figure 4: major landuse categories.
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References ?? Soil Map of West Mayo
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The first scientific paper on late
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Also in the summer of 1963, fifty k
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the earth for the bank coming from
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dates from the macrofossil remains
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New Research and Researchers Over t
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Probed Surveys: Erris, Céide Field
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Iron probes of varying lengths had
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Céide hill twenty five years earli
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Survey on the Glenamoy - Bartnatra
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Bungurra River drains the Knocknalo
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The elevation of the tombs, all sit
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In 1936, 2 sub-rectangular cists, C
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Dooncarton Southwest slope 3.15 km
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The cross-section area occupied by
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No upper boundary was located on Kn
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The third house site, H3, on Gortme
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The 2 court tombs, Ma38 and Ma23, l
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This void is substantiated by exami
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Survey from Ballinglen to Rathfran
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Lissadrone basin. The peat cover is
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Two similar large round cairns are
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Wall Gaps Because of concealment an
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supported by an orthostat visible u
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and with different building techniq
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Survey Illustrations: Figure 1: Ove
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Figure 4: Seefin walls with associa
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Figure 7: Walls from the study area
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Figure 8: Cabintown Site A. 161
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Figure 11: Rathlackan sites H12 Fig
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Figure 15: Creevagh H5, Figure 16:
Page 173:
Figure 19: Carrowkibbock Upper H20.
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Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo: Report 2011

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