Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo: Report 2011

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Plant macro-remains were recorded in six samples within the court area, all of which are thought to date to the Early–Middle Neolithic period. The largest quantity of remains was recorded in the fill of a stake-hole in the court area, F.78, which contained 48 shell fragments of Corylus avellana L. (hazelnut). Smaller quantities of hazelnut shell fragments were recorded in four other contexts – a stake-hole fill at the forecourt entrance (F.41), a deposit surrounding the hearth-stone (F.68), a layer above the hearth (F.64), and a deposit located above the ground surface and beneath the tomb collapse (F.21). Plant macro-remains that are thought to date to the Early–Middle Neolithic period were also recorded in five deposits within the rear chamber of the court tomb. Small quantities of hazelnut shell fragments were present in layers within the rear chamber (F.49, F.63 and F.95). A small number of achenes (seeds) of Rumex acetosa L. (sorrel) and Rumex spp. (docks) were also found in layers F.63 and F.95, as well as in pit fill F.58. Sorrel and species of the dock genus can grow in a variety of environments, including grassy areas, cultivated fields and on disturbed ground around settlements. F. 21 41 44 49 58 63 64 66 68 68 78 93 95 95 S. 14 32 34 42 45 47 48 50 52 61 73 63 68 69 Botanical name CORYLACEAE Corylus avellana L. POLYGONACEAE Plant part Nutshell fragment Common name Hazelnut 16 5 1 1 … 1 2 3 3 12 48 … 1 … Rumex acetosa L. Achene Common sorrel … … … … 1 … … … … 4 Rumex spp. Achene Docks … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … 1 ROSACEAE Rubus sp. Nutlet Bramble … … … … … 1 … … … … cf. Malus sylvestris Mill. Endocarp fragment Possible crab-apple … … 1 … … … … … 1 … GRAMINEAE Gramineae Culm fragment Grass … … … … … … … … 2 … Table 2: Plant macro-remains recorded at Rathlackan A Late Neolithic layer within the rear chamber (F.44) contained a possible crab-apple endocarp fragment, as well as a hazelnut shell fragment. A small pit located within the court area (F.93) is most likely early/middle Neolithic but may date to the Late Neolithic period, and this pit contained a possible endocarp (core) fragment of Malus sylvestris Mill. (crabapple) and a culm (stem) fragment of Gramineae (indeterminate grass). An undated pit fill within the rear chamber (F.66) contained a nutlet (seed) of Rubus spp. (bramble) and hazelnut shell fragments. 86
Behy-Glenulra: Céide Fields visitor centre (E494) Eleven samples were analysed from excavations carried out in association with construction of the Céide Fields visitor centre. The deposits were located in Zone 1 and were excavated during the 1989 phase of investigations at this location. Non-wood plant macro-remains were absent from all 11 samples. Phase F. S. Trench Deposit EBA 3 3 C Burnt layer EBA 9 16 H Layer EBA 11 18 H Burnt layer EBA 11 27 H Burnt layer EBA 13 … H Shallow trench EBA? 14 … H Possible shallow trench LN 15 19 H Fill of pit (F.19) LN 16 29 H Fill of pit (F.19) EBA? 20 … H Shallow trench LN 21 30 H Fill of pit (F.19) EBA? 24c 28 H Fill of stake-hole in possible structure Table 3: Examined deposits from Céide Fields visitor centre Glenulra scatter (92E0140) Two deposits from excavations at the Glenulra scatter were presented for analysis, neither of which contained non-wood plant macro-remains. Phase F. S. Deposit MN? 6 5 Shallow spread MN? 8 9 Fill of stake-hole Table 4: Examined deposits from Glenulra scatter 87
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Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Scientific Research associated with
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Introduction This report reviews th
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- A summary of the radiocarbon dati
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Creating Digital Archaeological Lan
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Figure 2: Data Model for NBNM GIS R
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Figure 4: example of outputs at Cé
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Rathlackan As a result of a lack of
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Radiocarbon Dating A further tranch
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RATHLACKAN Lab Number F no S. No Co
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GLENULRA ENCLOSURE Notes Cal BC (95
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Lab Code Cutting Sample Material AR
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Charcoal analysis from Neolithic an
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Results Overall charcoal 83 samples
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Glenulra Scatter 92E140 Middle Neol
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Oak and birch were recorded from Cu
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35 30 no of samples 25 20 15 10 5 0
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Area A A long length of Neolithic f
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piece was 17 years old when cut, ba
Page 41 and 42: elating to midden B2P and from five
Page 43 and 44: 1% 6% Corylus 1% 14% 25% 0% 2% 4% 4
Page 45 and 46: posts burnt in situ. Rather the pos
Page 47 and 48: When the charcoal is examined throu
Page 49 and 50: at Glenulra scatter. Alder was iden
Page 51 and 52: een freely available in the area. T
Page 53 and 54: References Byrne, G., Warren, G., W
Page 55 and 56: Verrill, L. and Tipping, R. 2010. U
Page 57 and 58: Table 3 Charcoal identifications fr
Page 59 and 60: Sample Date Ctg Context Description
Page 61 and 62: Sample Date Ctg Context Description
Page 63 and 64: Sample Trench Time period Descripti
Page 79 and 80: Table 7 Wood identification details
Page 81 and 82: Table 8 Charcoal identifications fr
Page 83 and 84: Cutting Sample Date Feature Descrip
Page 89 and 90: Table 8 Sample assessment Rathlacka
Page 91: Phase F. S. Trench Deposit type Loc
Page 95 and 96: A possible midden (B2P) contained a
Page 97 and 98: Wild remains Hazelnut shell fragmen
Page 99 and 100: References Beijerinck, W. 1947. Zad
Page 101 and 102: Verrill, L. and Tipping, R. 2010. A
Page 103 and 104: Soils and Geology Graeme Warren Thi
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3: overview of geological fe
Page 107 and 108: distinctive deposits and landscape
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4: major landuse categories.
Page 111 and 112: References ?? Soil Map of West Mayo
Page 113 and 114: The first scientific paper on late
Page 115 and 116: Also in the summer of 1963, fifty k
Page 117 and 118: the earth for the bank coming from
Page 119 and 120: dates from the macrofossil remains
Page 121 and 122: New Research and Researchers Over t
Page 123 and 124: Probed Surveys: Erris, Céide Field
Page 125 and 126: Iron probes of varying lengths had
Page 127 and 128: Céide hill twenty five years earli
Page 129 and 130: Survey on the Glenamoy - Bartnatra
Page 131 and 132: Bungurra River drains the Knocknalo
Page 133 and 134: The elevation of the tombs, all sit
Page 135 and 136: In 1936, 2 sub-rectangular cists, C
Page 137 and 138: Dooncarton Southwest slope 3.15 km
Page 139 and 140: The cross-section area occupied by
Page 141 and 142: No upper boundary was located on Kn
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The third house site, H3, on Gortme
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The 2 court tombs, Ma38 and Ma23, l
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This void is substantiated by exami
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Survey from Ballinglen to Rathfran
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Lissadrone basin. The peat cover is
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Two similar large round cairns are
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Wall Gaps Because of concealment an
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supported by an orthostat visible u
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and with different building techniq
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Survey Illustrations: Figure 1: Ove
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Figure 4: Seefin walls with associa
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Figure 7: Walls from the study area
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Figure 8: Cabintown Site A. 161
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Figure 11: Rathlackan sites H12 Fig
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Figure 15: Creevagh H5, Figure 16:
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Figure 19: Carrowkibbock Upper H20.
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Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo: Report 2011

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