Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo: Report 2011

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Belderg Beg roundhouse and field systems (E109) Twenty-six samples from excavations at Belderg Beg were presented for analysis, four of which contained non-wood plant macro-remains. All the material was preserved as a result of charring, and both cultivated and wild plants were represented. Phase S. Trench Deposit type/location Plant remains present EBA 2 A1 Charcoal spreads: deposit adhering to quern stone … EBA? 19 A1 Charcoal spreads: shallow area near pit … EBA? 22 A1 Charcoal spreads: beneath brown habitation soil … EBA? 27 A1 Charcoal spreads: possible spread … EBA? 35 A1 Charcoal spreads … EBA? 40 A1 Charcoal spreads … EBA 96 A1 Deposit … MBA 200 B1 House: Base of pit beneath flat stones … MBA 201 B1 House: wall trench containing quernstone … MBA 205 B1 House: beneath small stones around sill stone x MBA 213 B1 Wall slot … MBA 226 B1 House: SE quadrant foundation trench … MBA 234 B1 House: deposit amongst stones … MBA 236 B1 House: burnt timber … MBA 238 B1 Wall slot … MBA 241 B1 Wall slot … MBA 242 B1 House: wall trench … MBA 243 B1 Wall slot … MBA 247 B1 House: beneath entrance flagging x MBA 252 B1 House: shattered flint and burnt wood … EBA 253 B2a Charocal spreads: deposit that pre-dates ploughing … MBA 254 B1 House: wall trench W of site … MBA 255 B1 House: near post hole … EBA 256 B2T East B2T possible midden … EBA 901 B2P West B2P possible midden x EBA 902 B2P West B2P possible midden x Table 5: Examined deposits from Belderg Beg 88
A possible midden (B2P) contained a small quantity of hazelnut shell fragments (S.901 and S.902). Cereal remains, consisting of grains of Hordeum vulgare L. (barley), were found beneath entrance flagging at the house (S.247), while achenes of Persicaria spp. (knotweeds) were recorded in the area around the sill stone at the house (S.205). Species of the knotweeds genus can grow in a variety of environments, including cultivated fields and on disturbed ground around settlements. S. 205 247 901 902 Botanical name Plant part Common name CORYLACEAE Corylus avellana L. Nutshell fragment Hazelnut 1 1 POLYGONACEAE Persicaria spp. Achene Knotweeds 2 GRAMINEAE Hordeum vulgare L. Grain Barley 2 Hordeum vulgare L. Grain fragment Barley 1 Gramineae Grain Indeterminate grass 1 Table 6: Plant macro-remains recorded at Belderg Beg Four samples from excavations at Belderg Beg were previously examined by Mick Monk, revealing evidence for c. 100 fragments of hazelnut shell (M. Monk, pers. comm. 2010). Further hazelnut remains were also present in a number of B2T and B2P ‘midden’ deposits that were not examined as part of this study. Discussion Overview Deposits from four sites – Rathlackan court tomb, Glenulra scatter, Céide Fields visitor centre and Belderg Beg house and field system – were examined for their archaeobotanical content. Non-wood plant macro-remains were recorded only at the Rathlackan court tomb and the Belderg Beg settlement. Remains at Rathlackan consisted of wild plants, some of which may have been collected, while both wild and cultivated plants were represented at Belderg Beg. 89
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Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Scientific Research associated with
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Introduction This report reviews th
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- A summary of the radiocarbon dati
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Creating Digital Archaeological Lan
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Figure 2: Data Model for NBNM GIS R
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Figure 4: example of outputs at Cé
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Rathlackan As a result of a lack of
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Radiocarbon Dating A further tranch
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RATHLACKAN Lab Number F no S. No Co
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GLENULRA ENCLOSURE Notes Cal BC (95
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Lab Code Cutting Sample Material AR
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Charcoal analysis from Neolithic an
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Results Overall charcoal 83 samples
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Glenulra Scatter 92E140 Middle Neol
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Oak and birch were recorded from Cu
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35 30 no of samples 25 20 15 10 5 0
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Area A A long length of Neolithic f
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piece was 17 years old when cut, ba
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elating to midden B2P and from five
Page 43 and 44: 1% 6% Corylus 1% 14% 25% 0% 2% 4% 4
Page 45 and 46: posts burnt in situ. Rather the pos
Page 47 and 48: When the charcoal is examined throu
Page 49 and 50: at Glenulra scatter. Alder was iden
Page 51 and 52: een freely available in the area. T
Page 53 and 54: References Byrne, G., Warren, G., W
Page 55 and 56: Verrill, L. and Tipping, R. 2010. U
Page 57 and 58: Table 3 Charcoal identifications fr
Page 59 and 60: Sample Date Ctg Context Description
Page 61 and 62: Sample Date Ctg Context Description
Page 63 and 64: Sample Trench Time period Descripti
Page 79 and 80: Table 7 Wood identification details
Page 81 and 82: Table 8 Charcoal identifications fr
Page 83 and 84: Cutting Sample Date Feature Descrip
Page 89 and 90: Table 8 Sample assessment Rathlacka
Page 91 and 92: Phase F. S. Trench Deposit type Loc
Page 93: Behy-Glenulra: Céide Fields visito
Page 97 and 98: Wild remains Hazelnut shell fragmen
Page 99 and 100: References Beijerinck, W. 1947. Zad
Page 101 and 102: Verrill, L. and Tipping, R. 2010. A
Page 103 and 104: Soils and Geology Graeme Warren Thi
Page 105 and 106: Figure 3: overview of geological fe
Page 107 and 108: distinctive deposits and landscape
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4: major landuse categories.
Page 111 and 112: References ?? Soil Map of West Mayo
Page 113 and 114: The first scientific paper on late
Page 115 and 116: Also in the summer of 1963, fifty k
Page 117 and 118: the earth for the bank coming from
Page 119 and 120: dates from the macrofossil remains
Page 121 and 122: New Research and Researchers Over t
Page 123 and 124: Probed Surveys: Erris, Céide Field
Page 125 and 126: Iron probes of varying lengths had
Page 127 and 128: Céide hill twenty five years earli
Page 129 and 130: Survey on the Glenamoy - Bartnatra
Page 131 and 132: Bungurra River drains the Knocknalo
Page 133 and 134: The elevation of the tombs, all sit
Page 135 and 136: In 1936, 2 sub-rectangular cists, C
Page 137 and 138: Dooncarton Southwest slope 3.15 km
Page 139 and 140: The cross-section area occupied by
Page 141 and 142: No upper boundary was located on Kn
Page 143 and 144: The third house site, H3, on Gortme
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The 2 court tombs, Ma38 and Ma23, l
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This void is substantiated by exami
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Survey from Ballinglen to Rathfran
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Lissadrone basin. The peat cover is
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Two similar large round cairns are
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Wall Gaps Because of concealment an
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supported by an orthostat visible u
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and with different building techniq
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Survey Illustrations: Figure 1: Ove
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Figure 4: Seefin walls with associa
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Figure 7: Walls from the study area
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Figure 8: Cabintown Site A. 161
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Figure 11: Rathlackan sites H12 Fig
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Figure 15: Creevagh H5, Figure 16:
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Figure 19: Carrowkibbock Upper H20.
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Neolithic and Bronze Age Landscapes of North Mayo: Report 2011

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