Pesticide residues in food — 2006: Toxicological ... - ipcs inchem

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40 g/l, in a flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS) formulation, to male Sprague-Dawley CD
rats. The animals were exposed for 8 h. Groups of five rats were killed at 8, 24, 72 and 144 h after the
start of the exposure. Statements of adherence to GLP and QA were included.
During the 8-h exposure period, 0.37% and 0.48% of the applied radioactivity at the highest and
lowest dose respectively were detected in excreta, carcasses (including whole blood) and untreated
skin (including skin surrounding the dose site). After removal of the dose from the skin at the end
of the 8-h exposure period, in the groups at the lowest and highest dose totals of 1.29% and 0.8%
respectively were absorbed at 144 h (Kemp, 2004).
In a study of dermal absorption in vitro, the rate and extent of absorption was investigated after
topical application of [ 14 C]beta-cyfluthrin (radiochemical purity, > 99%) at concentrations of 40 or
125 g/l to excised human and rat skin in an FS formulation. The skin samples were exposed to the test
material for 8 h, after which the remaining dose was washed off the skin. Statements of adherence to
GLP and QA were included.
At 24 h, the total amounts of applied radioactivity absorbed at the highest dose were
0.071% and 0.406% and at the lowest dose were 0.039% and 0.611% in human and rat skin,
respectively.
The results show that rat skin is about 6 and 16 times more permeable than human skin at the
highest and lowest doses used, respectively (Cage, 2004).
(b)
Dermal irritation
In a study of dermal irritation, performed according to OECD guideline 404, three
New Zealand White rabbits (two males, one female) received a dermal application of 0.5 g of betacyfluthrin
(purity, 98.5%) for 4 h. Irritation was assessed according to the Draize method at 1, 24, 48,
72 and 168 h.
Very slight erythema was observed at 24 and 48 h, but not at 72 h and 168 h (Pauluhn, 1985b).
(c)
Ocular irritation
In a study of eye irritation, performed according to OECD guideline 405, three male
New Zealand White rabbits received 0.1 ml of beta-cyfluthrin (purity, 98.5%) in the conjunctival sac
of the eye. The eyes were rinsed with saline after 24 h. Irritation was assessed according to the Draize
method at 1, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h.
Slight irritation of the conjunctivae was observed at 24 and 48 h, but not at 72 and 168 h
(Pauluhn, 1985b).
(d)
Dermal sensitization
In a study of dermal sensitization conducted according to OECD guideline 406 and using the
Magnusson & Kligman maximization test, beta-cyfluthrin (purity, 98.5%) was tested in 20 male
Bor:DHWP/SPF guinea-pigs. Ten animals served as controls. In the induction phase, the animals
received beta-cyfluthrin by intradermal injection (1%) on day 1 followed by a topical administration
(25% w/v) after 1 week and challenge by topical administration (25%) 3 weeks after the intracutaneous
injection. The vehicle was 2% Cremophor EL/saline. Statements of adherence to GLP and QA were
included.
After challenge with 25% beta-cyfluthrin formulation, 10% of the animals from both the
induction group and 10% of the control animals showed a slight reddening of the skin, which
disappeared after 48 h (Heimann, 1986b).
CYFLUTHRIN AND BETA-CYFLUTHRIN X-X JMPR 2006