Pesticide residues in food — 2006: Toxicological ... - ipcs inchem

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Increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase
were noted in females at 120 mg/kg bw per day. Phase I enzymes in the liver were induced in both
sexes at 60 and 120 mg/kg bw, while males also displayed a marginal enzyme induction at
20 mg/kg bw. Mainly cytochrome P450 and N/O demethylases, but also other monoxygenases and
uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UDP-GT) were involved (Table 14).
Table 14. Main findings in a 14-day study in rats given thiacloprid by gavage
Finding
Dose (mg/kg bw per day)
Males
Females
0 5 10 20 60 120 0 5 10 20 60 120
Body weight (g) 192 186 193 187 171 148 159 152 154 155 137 134
Feed intake (g/day):
Day 7 19.1 18.3 18.2 17.7 13.9 10.3 15.5 15.2 15.9 15.9 11.7 10.1
Day 14 20.4 19.6 19.5 18.5 18.3 15.2 16.2 15.5 14.7 14.8 13.6 14.1
ASAT (U/l) 51.9 45.6 50.5 38.5 42.1 58.8 43.4 44.1 50.3 46.7 47.6 61.0
ALAT (U/l) 42.3 45.0 47.5 41.9 44.4 61.3 34.5 35.1 39.3 35.9 41.5 57
AP (U/l) 597 595 696 618 595 622 341 399 392 408 449 538
Cholesterol (mmol/l) 2.21 2.30 2.49 2.37 2.88 2.88 2.19 2.15 2.24 2.48 2.54 2.80
P450 (nmol/g) 33.8 33.6 40.8 43.6 49.9 70.5 32.1 30.3 27.5 26.5 40.8 55.0
O-DEM (mU/g) 9.5 11.0 14.2 14.9 23.2 39.2 8.1 7.4 7.9 8.7 14.4 29.8
N-DEM (mU/g) 149.4 155.4 187.9 229.1 279.8 427.3 67.7 73.4 65.4 72.1 125.2 253.2
Triglycerides 5.78 5.45 5.41 5.87 5.61 6.16 5.33 5.29 6.73 5.86 5.60 6.80
(μmol/g)
ECOD
5.9 9.9 9.7 12.4 16.6 37.6 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.6 5.1 21.7
(nmol/g per min)
EROD
0.40 0.91 0.54 1.19 1.10 1.61 0.39 0.31 0.53 0.61 0.31 0.33
(nmol/g per min)
ALD
90.2 163.9 101.6 138.4 241.2 274.8 18.9 13.8 19.7 17.8 27.3 60.7
(nmol/g per min)
EH (nmol/g per min) 353 559 467 517 982 1502 211 190 272 314 514 1011
GST
87.0 88.9 84.3 96.3 132.4 174.1 87.0 90.8 92.6 90.7 137.0 187.9
(μmol/g per min)
UDP-GT
283 297 355 380 639 797 133 151 163 169 304 529
(nmol/g per min)
Liver weight (g) 10.25 9.49 9.93 10.24 10.64 11.14 7.82 7.54 8.44 8.23 8.13 9.56
Liver weight, 5.34 5.10 5.14 5.47 6.24 7.54 4.92 4.93 5.49 5.28 5.95 7.13
relative (%)
Thymus weight(g) 0.60 0.68 0.53 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.35 0.48 0.44 0.33 0.34
Thymus weight, 0.31 0.36 0.27 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.28 0.23 0.31 0.28 0.24 0.26
relative (%)
From Kroetlinger (1995a)
ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ALD, aldrin epoxidase; AP, alkaline phosphatase; ASAT, aspartate aminotransferase;
ECOD, 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase; EROD, 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase; EH, epoxide hydrolase; GST, glutathione-
S-transferase; N-DEM, N-demethylase; O-DEM, O-demethylase; UDP-GT, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase.
The immunotoxicological investigations revealed that the cell count in the spleen of males was
reduced at 120 mg/kg bw per day, but this may have been a chance effect caused by large individual
variations. Increased macrophage activation and other changes in cell counts were reported, but
THIACLOPRID X-X JMPR 2006