Pesticide residues in food — 2006: Toxicological ... - ipcs inchem

158
Zeta-cypermethrin ........................................................................................... 199
5. Toxicological studies ......................................................................... 199
5.1 Acute toxicity ............................................................................ 199
(a) Oral and dermal toxicity .................................................... 199
(b) Dermal and ocular irritation ............................................... 199
(c) Dermal sensitization ........................................................... 200
5.2 Short-term studies of toxicity .................................................... 200
(a) Dermal ................................................................................ 201
5.3 Genotoxicity .............................................................................. 203
5.4 Reproductive toxicity ................................................................. 204
(a) Multigeneration studies ...................................................... 204
(b) Developmental toxicity ...................................................... 206
5.5 Special studies ........................................................................... 206
(a) Neurotoxicity ...................................................................... 206
6. Observations in humans exposed to cypermethrins .......................... 207
6.1 Medical surveillance of manufacturing plant personnel ........... 207
6.2 Exposure of the general population ........................................... 208
6.3 Occupational exposure .............................................................. 209
Comments ....................................................................................................... 211
Toxicological evaluation ................................................................................. 213
References ....................................................................................................... 217
Explanation
Cypermethrin is the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) approved common
name for (RS)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2-
,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate. Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide
containing three c hiral centres, giving a racemic mixture of eight isomers comprising four
d iasterioisomeric pairs. The cypermethrins are alpha-cyano- or type II pyrethroids. Cypermethrin
was first e valuated by the 1979 JMPR, when a temporary acceptable daily intake (ADI)
was e stablished. New t oxicological data were e valuated by the 1981 JMPR and an ADI of
0–0.05 mg/kg bw per day was established. Cypermethrin was reviewed by the present Meeting
within the p eriodic r eview programme of the Codex C ommittee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR);
this review i ncluded alpha-cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin, which had not previously been
considered by the JMPR.
Cypermethrin and alpha-cypermethrin were considered by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert
C ommittee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1996 and in 2002. In 2002, JECFA established
a group ADI of 0–0.02 mg/kg bw, and recommended that JMPR should also consider this
a pproach. The studies submitted to JECFA were available for consideration by the JMPR at
its present meeting. Several studies on cypermethrin that were reviewed by JMPR in 1979 and
1981 were not available at the present meeting, but were considered in this evaluation on the
basis of the JMPR summaries. The 2006 JMPR was made aware of a study of developmental
n eurotoxicity with zeta-cypermethrin that had not been submitted before the present m eeting.
This study was submitted during the meeting, but was not evaluated in detail; however, based on
a brief review, the Meeting concluded that this study was not critical for its final c onclusion.
CYPERMETHRINS X-X JMPR 2006