Pesticide residues in food â 2006: Toxicological ... - ipcs inchem

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401 Szabo, J.R. & Rachunek, S.L (1992) XR-795: palatability and toxicity probe study in beagle dogs. Unpublished report No. DR-0325-7474-001 from Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Szabo, J.R., Campbell, R.A. & Davis, N.L. (1992) XR-795: 13-week dietary toxicity study with 4-week recovery study in Fischer 344 rats. Unpublished report No. DR-0235-7474-005 from Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Weaver, D.E. (1988) Pilot 2-week toxicity study in Fischer 344 rats. Unpublished report No. R19887 from Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Weaver, D.E. (1989) Pilot 2-week toxicity study in CD-1 mice. Unpublished report No. M04489 from Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Wood, C.V. & Szabo, J.R. (1992) XR-795: 13-week dietary toxicity study in beagle dogs. Unpublished report No. DR-0325-7474-004 from Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Xu, J. (1993) Evaluation of XR-795 in the Salmonella typhimurium pre incubation mutation assay in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced liver S-9 with a confirmatory study. Unpublished report No. 0217-2120 from Sitek Research Laboratories, Rockville, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Zablotny, C.L., Yano, B.L. & Breslin, W.J. (1993) XDE-795: oral gavage teratology probe study in New Zealand White rabbits. Unpublished report No. DR-0235-7474-014 from Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. Zablotny, C.L., Yano, B.L. & Breslin, W.J. (1994) XDE-795: oral gavage teratology study in New Zealand White rabbits. Unpublished report No. DR-0235-7474-015 from Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, USA. Submitted to WHO by Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, USA. QUINOXYFEN X-X JMPR 2006
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Pesticide residues in food — 2006
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of part
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Dr Helen Hakansson, Institute of En
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Abbreviations used ADI ALT APDM ARf
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Introduction The toxicological mono
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BIFENAZATE First draft prepared by
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5 In a series of experiments, group
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7 In a study of the time-course of
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9 the administered dose in males an
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11 limited absorption of parent com
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13 NAME/No. STRUCTURE D1989 OCH 3 D
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15 2.1 Acute toxicity Results of st
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17 (f) Sensitization In a study of
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19 Table 9. Clinical chemistry effe
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21 The degree of this finding was m
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23 On histopathological examination
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25 (equal to 0, 0.9, 10.4 or 25 mg/
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27 Haemoglobin (g/dl): Before treat
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29 weekly. Blood and urine samples
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31 (females) (equal to 0, 1.0, 3.9,
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33 Cytogenetic test Chinese hamster
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35 groups of 30 males and 30 female
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37 and placed in 10% ammonium sulfi
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39 was > 5000 mg/kg bw. The LC 50 i
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41 Multigeneration study of reprodu
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43 Medical data No significant adve
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45 Trutter, J.A. (1997a) 28-Day die
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48 Evaluation for acceptable daily
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50 Table 2. Radioactivity in blood
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52 10 10 0.42 0.0462 0.63 0.0080 8.
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54 Figure 2. Transfer of radioactiv
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56 Skin 33.07 61.59 0.5 17.94 17.29
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58 Table 10. Summary of metabolites
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60 Table 14. Summary of identified
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62 Table 18. Summary of metabolites
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64 Table 19. Structures of identifi
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66 Metabolite Structure O M510F14 N
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68 Metabolite Structure M510F39 N O
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70 2. Toxicological studies 2.1 Acu
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72 1% Tylose CB 30.000. The injecti
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74 the end of dosing. Blood samples
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76 examinations were carried out 8
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78 concentrations were increased at
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80 times were slightly, but signifi
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82 in males and females rats at 250
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84 End-point Test object Dose a (LE
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86 parental rats was not markedly a
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88 groups in conception frequencies
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90 0.7 ± 3.5%, 1.8 ± 4.2%, 2.9 ±
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92 In this study of developmental n
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94 3. Observations in humans In the
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96 was 100 ppm, equal to 10 mg/kg b
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98 Acute toxicity Rat, LD 50 , oral
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100 Mellert, W., Kaufmann, W. & Hil
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CYFLUTHRIN AND BETA-CYFLUTHRIN Firs
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105 Table 1. Diastereoisomer pairs
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107 (i) In vivo Rats Four groups of
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109 2. Toxicological studies 2.1 Ac
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111 Species Strain Sex Route Formul
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113 Rat Groups of 20 male and 20 fe
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115 group and in the groups at the
Page 130 and 131:
117 cyfluthrin (purity, 95.5-95.9%)
Page 132 and 133:
119 In a short-term study of exposu
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121 and dissection. At termination,
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123 2.5 Reproductive toxicity (a) M
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125 gestation. The vehicle was 1% C
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127 females was exposed during days
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129 were not seen in rats in the co
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131 men was exposed for 1 h to actu
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133 40 g/l, in a flowable concentra
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135 were removed from five males an
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137 weights and food consumption we
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139 In females at the highest dose,
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141 The dermal toxicity of cyfluthr
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143 The Meeting concluded that the
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145 Estimate of acute reference dos
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147 Cage, S. (2004) [ 14 C]-beta-cy
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149 Heimann, K.G. (1984c) FCR 4545
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151 Jones, R.D. & Hastings, T.F. (1
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153 Pauluhn, J. & Mohr, U. (1984).
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155 Von Keutz, E. (1987) FCR 4545 -
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158 Zeta-cypermethrin .............
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160 Evaluation for acceptable daily
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162 polar metabolites, which are fu
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164 for up to 70 days. Signs typica
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166 rapidly metabolized by cleavage
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Page 183 and 184:
170 Table 2. Effect of cis : trans
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172 Table 3. Significant haematolog
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174 Rabbits Occluded dermal applica
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176 1100 ppm in weeks 1-6, with inc
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178 Wistar-derived (Alderley Park)
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180 At 1500 ppm, liver APDM activit
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182 for premature deaths, 10 male a
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184 by gavage for days 7 to 19 of g
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186 observed at the intermediate an
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188 The females recovered from this
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190 tibial nerve (SPTN), trigeminal
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194 for 5 weeks. Observations inclu
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196 caused obvious irritation and r
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198 days 6-15 of gestation. After m
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200 was observed in two males at 72
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202 control and other treated group
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204 Table 14. Results of studies of
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206 (b) Developmental toxicity Rats
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208 mild and temporary paraesthesia
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210 range appeared to exist for the
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212 for which the LD 50 was > 2000
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214 substances. Since conventional
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216 Critical end-points relevant fo
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218 Butterworth, S.T.G. & Clark, D.
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220 East Millstone, New Jersey, USA
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222 Jersey, USA. Submitted to WHO b
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224 Toxicology Laboratory (Tunstall
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226 Ullrich, B. (2003) Report on a
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228 Cyromazine was first evaluated
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230 were taken for the measurement
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232 highest dose, rather than indic
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234 Tissue residues: Tissues a < 0.
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236 Because of the low total recove
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238 Name Description Compound found
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240 After each dose of [U- 14 C tri
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242 In male and female monkeys give
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244 stress and discomfort during th
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246 Table 18. Dermal absorption of
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248 rate under steady-state conditi
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252 the test substance. The method
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254 taken for haematological and bi
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256 not differ appreciably from pre
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258 Analysis of the diets showed th
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260 considered to be biologically s
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262 observed incidence probably rel
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264 c Cyromazine was assayed twice
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266 2.5 Reproductive toxicity (a) M
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268 either sporadic or as a consequ
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270 fetuses were removed, weighed a
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272 The NOAEL for maternal toxicity
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274 In New Zealand White rabbits, c
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276 and litters with malformations.
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278 of melamine powder into the rab
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280 reduction in the survival of ma
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282 There is significantly less ris
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284 Toxicological data Cyromazine h
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286 Toxicological evaluation The Me
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288 Other toxicological studies Tox
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290 IARC (1999a) Some chemicals tha
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292 Simoneaux, B. & Marco, G. (1984
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294 Declaration of Helsinki (Cristi
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296 lowered arousal level at doses
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298 Cerebellum 3 1 51** 76** 80** 7
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300 Table 4. Maximum inhibition of
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302 auditory/physical examination w
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304 • • • • • Home-cage o
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306 Dogs Groups of four male and fo
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308 capsules. Some volunteers recei
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310 Blood was taken for measurement
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312 Human a Dietary administration
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314 Piccirillo, V.J. (1978) Acute o
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316 Haloxyfop (racemic), its sodium
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318 Recovery of radioactivity in ur
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320 skin of nine male and nine fema
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322 1.2 Biotransformation Mice In a
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326 96%) at a concentration designe
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328 was centrilobular hepatocellula
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330 The treatment had no effect on
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332 All dogs were killed for autops
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334 with that of controls (but no s
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336 Table 4. Results of studies of
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338 doses of up to 1.0 mg/kg bw per
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340 delayed ossification in the hyo
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342 Mice In a GLP-compliant study,
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344 and in females at the highest d
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346 Between January 1999 and Januar
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348 The Meeting concluded that halo
Page 363 and 364: 350 Critical end-points for setting
Page 365 and 366: 352 Elcombe, B.M. (2002a) Effects o
Page 367 and 368: 354 Scortichini, B.H., Bohl, R.W. &
Page 369 and 370: 356 Economic Co-operation and Devel
Page 371 and 372: 358 There were no treatment-related
Page 373 and 374: 360 comparable to control levels. A
Page 375 and 376: 362 Groups of 17 male and 17 female
Page 377 and 378: 364 No compound-related effects wer
Page 379 and 380: 366 Berry, D. & Gore, C.W. (1975) P
Page 381 and 382: 368 Quinoxyfen has not been evaluat
Page 383 and 384: 370 In the main study, which compli
Page 385 and 386: 372 Concentrations of total radioac
Page 387 and 388: 374 several hydroxy-quinoxyfen meta
Page 389 and 390: 376 There were no mortalities or ad
Page 391 and 392: 378 at doses of ≥ 100 mg/kg bw pe
Page 393 and 394: 380 In a GLP-compliant study to det
Page 395 and 396: 382 control group. This was observe
Page 397 and 398: 384 The homogeneity and stability o
Page 399 and 400: 386 Testes weight (g) at 24 months
Page 401 and 402: 388 slight (3 out of 30) hepatocell
Page 403 and 404: 390 marked inanition, decreased fae
Page 405 and 406: 392 Females Relative liver weightt
Page 407 and 408: 394 were patch-tested specifically
Page 409 and 410: 396 In studies of developmental tox
Page 411 and 412: 398 Rat, LC 50 , inhalation Rabbit,
Page 413: 400 Gollapudi, B.B. & Lick, S.J. (1
Page 417 and 418: 404 programme recommended that teme
Page 419 and 420: 406 In a study in mice, groups of f
Page 421 and 422: 408 Table 2. Oral and dermal median
Page 423 and 424: 410 2.2 Short-term studies of toxic
Page 425 and 426: 412 no-observed-effect level (NOEL)
Page 427 and 428: 414 study (31-47%) at 10 mg/kg bw p
Page 429 and 430: 416 2.3 Long-term studies of toxici
Page 431 and 432: 418 treatment-related effect. The N
Page 433 and 434: 420 The Meeting concluded temephos
Page 435 and 436: 422 bw per day in a 99-day dietary
Page 437 and 438: 424 Humans Investigation of clinica
Page 439 and 440: 426 Laws, E.R. Jr., Morales, F.R.,
Page 442 and 443: THIABENDAZOLE (addendum) First draf
Page 444 and 445: 431 Table 1. Blood concentrations o
Page 446 and 447: 433 In a dose range-finding study,
Page 448 and 449: 435 higher for males (125% and 172%
Page 450 and 451: 437 activity was most apparent for
Page 452 and 453: 439 consumption and body-weight gai
Page 454 and 455: 441 Table 7. Incidence of external
Page 456 and 457: 443 The paper by Ogata et al. (1984
Page 458 and 459: 445 and body-weight gain (decrease
Page 460 and 461: 447 included anorexia, nausea, vomi
Page 462 and 463: 449 References Campbell, W.C. & Cuc
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THIACLOPRID First draft prepared by
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453 In most of the tests, the elimi
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455 Table 3. Residual radioactivity
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457 0.5% tragacanth orally by gavag
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459 Thyroid 0.050 0.055 17.975 Skin
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461 (b) 14 C-thiazolidine-labelled
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465 In the main study, one test gro
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467 The NOAEL was 200 ppm, equal to
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469 Increased activities of asparta
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471 Bile acid (μmol/l) 45.9 31.7 5
Page 486 and 487:
473 Week 12 40 39 42 48 37 49 45 51
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475 At the highest dose, clotting t
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477 reduced triglyceride concentrat
Page 492 and 493:
479 Haematological examination in s
Page 494 and 495:
481 Haematological investigations d
Page 496 and 497:
483 107 weeks. In addition, groups
Page 498 and 499:
485 Degeneration 1 0 5* 16** 0 0 0
Page 500 and 501:
487 Table 24. Relevant clinical and
Page 502 and 503:
489 The histopathological investiga
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491 Uterus; No. examined — —
Page 506 and 507:
493 S9). Duplicate cultures were us
Page 508 and 509:
495 “Ground glass” hepatocytes
Page 510 and 511:
497 Table 30. Relevant findings in
Page 512 and 513:
499 No. of litters 25 28 26 28 No.
Page 514 and 515:
501 % Postimplantation loss per dam
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503 Thiacloprid was not teratogenic
Page 518 and 519:
505 A slight increase in the number
Page 520 and 521:
507 Observations during handling Di
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509 There were no deaths and no cli
Page 524 and 525:
511 day 30. Female rats were examin
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513 Thiacloprid did not cause any s
Page 528 and 529:
515 (TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA98 an
Page 530 and 531:
517 acid amide at 1000 ppm and thia
Page 532 and 533:
519 The NOAEL was 100 ppm, equal to
Page 534 and 535:
521 Vaginal smears were taken, exam
Page 536 and 537:
523 No. of animals delivered 27 25
Page 538 and 539:
525 (four to six rats per dose) wer
Page 540 and 541:
527 No. cannibalized 0 2 11 13 Mean
Page 542 and 543:
529 Corticosterone (ng/ml) After 9
Page 544 and 545:
531 was of low acute dermal toxicit
Page 546 and 547:
533 Mechanistic studies on uterine
Page 548 and 549:
535 The Meeting concluded that the
Page 550 and 551:
537 Reproductive toxicity Reproduct
Page 552 and 553:
539 from Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germa
Page 554 and 555:
541 Pauluhn, J. (1998) YRC 2894 sub
Page 556 and 557:
543 1.2 Postulated mode of action (
Page 558 and 559:
545 sensitive than female rats with
Page 560 and 561:
547 Table A2. NOAELs and LOAELs for
Page 562 and 563:
549 of estrogens that catalyses the
Page 564 and 565:
551 3.8 Other modes of action Genot
Page 566 and 567:
553 Metabolite Structure / trivial
Page 568 and 569:
555 Metabolite Structure / trivial
Page 570 and 571:
THIOPHANATE-METHYL (addendum) First
Page 572 and 573:
559 Table 2. Selected findings in d
Page 574 and 575:
561 smears were obtained from five
Page 576 and 577:
563 The NOAEL for parental toxicity
Page 578 and 579:
565 Table 7. Selected maternal and
Page 580 and 581:
567 Mean litter size 8.8 8.4 9.1 7.
Page 582 and 583:
569 adverse changes in the FOB, inc
Page 584 and 585:
571 Comments Toxicological data Thi
Page 586:
573 Foss, J.A. (2005b) Oral (diet)
Page 589 and 590:
576 14. Pesticide residues in food.
Page 591 and 592:
578 49. Pesticide residues in food
Page 593 and 594:
580 83. Pesticide residues in food
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