biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...

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Chapter Four Depositional Environmenment and Paleoecology with decreasing in Agglu./Calc. Percent between 15 – 20 in the middle part (samples, 23-29) Fig (4.3): The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the Late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Gali section (Smaquli area) The typical Tanjero and kolosh Formations characteristically are poor in macrofauna's exactly at Smaquli, Sirwan and Dokan area, which is abundant in 94
Chapter Four Depositional Environmenment and Paleoecology neritic deposits as in upper part of Tanjero Formation in Qala Cholan and Barzinja area. The planktonic assemblages of the lower part in Smaquli area from Zone (CF8) to (CF1) and (CF5) to (CF2) Zones at Dokan and Sirwan valley are characterized by high values in the percentages of planktonic foraminifera, P/B ratios, species richness, low Agglutinated percentages and general benthonic morphotypes of Upper Cretaceous/Early Paleocene Paleodepth indicators reveal deeper water bathymetry of upper bathyal around 300-600m depth. In Smaquli area and the outer neritic-upper bathyal around 200-400m depth in Dokan and Sirwan area, (Depending on all the above mentioned references evaluation). The paleobathymetric curve shows regular trend in their values where they exhibit high to moderate percentages values, since the preservation of foraminiferal species is generally good. The terminal decreases in species richness 34 starts from the base to the end of Zone CF1 (Gali section) and continued upwards till the upper most part of Cretaceous biozone Zone CF1, where the species richness becomes 27. This decline coincides with the LA of Plummerita hantkeninoides and reaches to 20 in Qulka section and 22 in Sirwan section. The decline is also coupled with the trend of decrease in species richness, in the percentages of planktonic foraminifera and p/b ratios. On the other hand, a slight increase is recorded in the percentages of arenaceous morphotypes. These criteria indicate shallowing regressive phase in the end of Maastrichtian basin where the estimated water depth according to Van Der Zwaan et al.,(1990) ranges from middle to outer shelf, around 50 to 150m depth. The present paleobathymetric interpretation is further confirmed and sustained by the components of the cosmopolitans associated benthonic assemblage, which resembles that recorded by Van Morkhoven et al.(1986); Speijer (1994; Tjalsma and Lohmann (1983); Widmark (2000; Berggren and Aubert (1975); R. Speijer, press. Comm., 2001; Widmark and Speijer 1997a; 95
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
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IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
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VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
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VIII successions from the upper par
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3.2.1.4- Pseudotextularia intermedi
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XII Table No. Title Page Table (3.1
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XIV Fig (4.11): Sedimentation rate
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Chapter one Introduction such as pl
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Chapter one Introduction Fig. (1.1)
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Chapter one Introduction lithologic
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Chapter one Introduction The Shiran
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Chapter one Introduction Abdel-Kire
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Chapter one Introduction The Kolosh
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Chapter one Introduction 1.4.2.2- R
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Chapter one Introduction a- Globotr
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Chapter one Introduction Fig (1, 6)
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Chapter one Introduction 4- Kato se
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Chapter one Introduction 1.8 -The a
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy Fig (
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy 2.3-
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy mediu
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy white
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy The u
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy CHAPT
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Page 136 and 137: REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
Page 138 and 139: Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
Page 140 and 141: Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
Page 142 and 143: limestone from the accretionary pri
Page 144 and 145: Cretaceous of the south Constantine
Page 146 and 147: James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
Page 148 and 149: Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
Page 150 and 151: Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
Page 152 and 153: Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
Page 154 and 155: Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
Page 156 and 157: Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE -1
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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