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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy and 30 meters in Sirwan section. This zone shows reliable abundance of Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Nederbragt and other assemblages' planktonic foraminifera which totally resembles that of the underlying Racemiguemblina fructicosa zone (CF4), in Gali section with the following planktonic forams of 50 species like: Heterohelix navarroensis Loeblish, H. globulosa (Ehrenberg), H. striata (Ehrenberg), H. punctulats (Cushman),H. nauttalli (Voorwijk), H. reussi (Cyshman), Laeviheterohelix glabrans (Cyshman), Planoglobulina carseyae (Plummer), P. brazoensis Martin, P. acervulinoides (Egger), Rugoglobigerina rugosa (Plummer), R. scotti (Bronnimann), R. hexacamerata Bronnimann, R. macrocephala Bronnimann, R. pennyi Bronnimann,R. reicheli Bronnimann, R. rotundata Bronnimann, Gansserina gansseri (Reuss), Globotruncanita stuartiformis Dalbez, G. conica White, G. pettersi Gandolfi, G. angulata Tilev, Globotruncana aegyptiaca Nakkady, Glt. falsostuarti Sigal, Glt. dupeublie Caron et al., Glt. lapparenti Boli, Contusotruncana contusa (Cushman), C. plicata White, C. Patelliformis (Gandolfi), C. walfischensis Todd, C. sp. (nov. sp?), Rugotruncana circumnodifer (Gandolfi), Globotruncanella petaloidea (Gandolfi), G. pschadae (Keller), Globigerinelloides volutes (White), G. subcarinatus Bronnimann, Pseudotextularia elegans (Rzehak), P. deformis (kikoine), Racemiguembelina fructicosa (Egger), Pseudoguembelina costulata (Cushman), P. palpebra, P. excolata (Cushman), Hedbergella monmothensis (Olsson), H. holmdelensisOlsson, Abathomphalus mayaroensis (Bolli), Kuglerina rotundata (Bronnimann), Costellagerina cf. bulbosa Belford, Gublerina cuvillieri Kikoine, Gumbelitria cretacea Cushman. The species number of planktonic foraminifera in this zone is reduced to 45 species at Sirwan section (Fig. 3.1) and 40 species in Qulka section Dokan area (Fig. 3.5). While this number shows its relative decreasing to 27 species in Kato section (Fig. 3.3). This zone is recorded only from the marly and shaley limestone layers between the last 12 meters of Aqra interfingering Limestone within Tanjero Formation which is interrupted 10 meters of unfossiliferous sandstone and marl. In the upper part of Tanjero Formation at Kato section. 64
Chapter Three Biostratigraphy C R E T A C E O U S T E R T I A R Y PERIOD LATE CAM.----EARLY MAASTRICHTIAN ----------- LATE MAASTRICHTIAN P A L E O C E N E EPOCH--AGE Shiranish Shiranish/Tanjero trans. unit Tanjero Kolosh FORMATION 1 3 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 115 120 130 140 146 SAMPLE No 65 LITHOLOGY 1 15 30 50 70 89 100 113 143 171 200 230 THICKNESS m. CF.zones CF 8 Cf 7 CF 6 CF 5 CF 4 CF 3 CF 2 CF 1 P P P (Li&Killer,1998a) P 1a 1 P. P. P. P. 0 Glt, C. R. á G. gansseri intermed hariaens palpe hantk aegyptiaca contusa fructicosa b SUBZONE ia. is bra ini. - --- -- -- ---- --- ----- ---- --- --- -- -- --- ---- ------ --- -- ---- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- --- -- ---- ---- ------- ---- ----- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ----- -- -- --- ---- ------ -- ---- ---- --- --- ------- ---- ------ --- --- ---- ------ ---- ----- --- -- ------ ------ --- --- - - - --- ------- --- ------ ----- ----- ---- ------ -- ---- -- - ---- ------- ----- ---- ------ --- ---- ----- --- --- --- --- --- -------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- -------- -------- ----- ----- - -- ------ ---- ------ ----- ---- ------- ---- ---- ----- ---- ----- --- --- --- -- - ------- ------ -- -- - ---- -------- ----- ---- --- ---- ------- --- ---- -- - ---- ------ ------ ------- --------- --- ---- ------- ---- -- --- --- --- --- ------------ ------ ----- ------- --------- ---- --- -- ------- -- -------- ------- ------- ------- -- - ----- ----- --- ---------- ----- -- ---- ------ ----- -- -- - --- ----- --- ----- ---- --- --- ---- -- ---- --- --- -- - - --- --- --- ------ --- ---- ---- - --- ----------- ---- --- --- -- - --- --- ---- -- -- - - - -- -- -------- --- --- ------- ---- ------ ---- - ----- ---- ----- ---- --- --- ----- ----- ---- -- --- -- --- -- -- --- -- --- --- --- ---- ----- ----- --- --- --- ----- ---- -- -- ---------- ---- ------ --- ---- ----- - ---- ---- -- --- -- - - ---- ---------- ----- ------------ ---- --- ------- - - --- -- - ------ ------ ----------- ---- -------- ---- -- -- - --- ---- --- ----- --------- - ----- ----- ------- ---- -- ---- --- --- --- ---- ---- -- --- --------- ------- -------- --- ------- ----- ---- ---- --- ------- -- -- ------ -- --- ---- ----- ---- -- ---- -- --- --- --- --- -- - -------- ------ ----- - -- - - -- --- --- -- ---- --- ----- --- -- --- ------ --- -- ---- - -- -- ---- ---------- --------- - -- ----- ---- ---- ----- - -- ---- ------ ------------- - -------- --------- - -- -- --------- -------- ------- -- ------- --- ---- --- ---- ---- - -- -- - ---------- --------- -- ----- ---- - --- -- ----- -- ------ --------- ------------ ---------- ---- ----- --- ------- --- ----- -- -------- -------------- ----- -- ---- ---- ------ ----- ------ --- --- ------- ----- ---- -- - ----- ----- --------- ------------ ----- ---------- ----- --- -------- -------- ------------------- ----- -------- ----- -- -- ----- ------ ------ ----- ------ --- --- - --- - -- --- - ------ ------ ----- ----- --- ------- ----- - --- ---- - ------- ------------------- ----- ------ ------ --- ----- ---- ---- -- ---- - ---- --- ---- -- -- ------ ----- -- -- -- ----- - -------- ---- ---- -------- ----- ----- ---- --- ----- ------ ----------- ------------ ------- -------- ------- --- ---- -- - -- ---------- ------ --------- -------- -------- - -- -- ----------- -------- ------ ---- --- ----- ------ ----- - -- ---- ---- -- -- -- -- ---- ---- --- ---- -------- --- - ----- ------- ----- ---- --- --- ----- ---------- --- ------ ---- ----- ---- --------- ----- ----- ----- ---- ----- --- --- - -------- --- ---- --- ------ --- --- -- - -- -- ----- ---------- ---- ------ ----------- ------ -- ---- - -- - - ---------- ------ --- ----- ----- --- ------- ----- ----- --- ---- ------- -- ---- ------ ---- - -- --- -- - ---------- ------- -------- ---- -- - ------ ----- ---- -------- ----- --- ----- ---- --- -------- ------- ---- ------- - -- ------- ----- ----- -- ----- ------ -- ------ --- ---- -- -- - ----- --- --- ----- ----- -- -- --- --- ------ ----- ---- --- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ---- --- - - - -- -- ---- ---- --- -- -- - -- ---- -- -- - --- -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- ---- --- ----- -- -- --- ----- --- --- ---- -- ---- ---- --- --- ----- -- - - - -- ----- --- -- - -- - - - --- --- -- -- -- --- ---- - -- - - ------ ----- -- -- --- --- ---- -- -- -- - ------ - --- -- -------- --- -- ----- --- -- ----- --- --- -- ---- - --- -- -- --- --- --- - - -- - - - -- --- -- ---- -- --- -- - -- --- ---- ------ --- ---- ----- --- --- ---- ----- -- ---- ----- -- ---- --------- ---- ---- - ----- -- -- -- -- -- ----- -- -- - -- ---- --- -- --- --- - --- -- -- ---- --- --- -- --- - - --- --- ---- ------ ---- -- -- --- ---- - -- ------- ---------- -- ---- ------ --- ---- -- ---- ----- - ---- --- --- -- ---- -- ------ ----- --- Fig (3.8) Biostratigraphic range chart of benthonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in Smaquli area (Gali section) FORAMINIFERA BENTHONIC Bolivina incrassata Reuss Bolivinoides draco (Marsson) = delicates Cushman = miliaris Hitt & Koch = sp. Cibicidoides dayi (White) = subcarinatos Cushman & Deaderick = excavata Brotzen Osangularia navarrana (Cushman) Pullenia jarvisi Cushman = quinqueloba (Reuss) Pyrulinoides sp. Neoflabellina rugosa (d Orbigny). = delicatissima (Plummer) Bulimina ovulum Reuss = midwayensis Praebulimina ovulum (Reuss) = aspera (Cushman &Parker) = laevis (Beissel) = carseyae (Plummer) Uvigerina graciliformis Oolina apiculata Reuss = golbosa (Montagu) Globorotalites michelinianus (d Orbigny) = sp. Ammodiscus cretaceous (Reuss) = pruvianus Marsonella oxycona (Reuss) Dorothia smokynensis Wall = retusa = rosetta = sp. Textularia astutia. Lalicker Spiroplectamina israelskyi Hillebrandt = laevis. (Roemer) = dentata (Alth) = navicula (d Orbigny) Stilomella midwayensis. (Cushman &Todd) Stensioina excolata (Cushman) Nodosaria minor Hantken = affinis Reuss = cf. limbata d'Orbigny. Pseudonodosaria sp. = appressa Loeblich & Tappan Dentalina elegans d Orbogny = inornata (d Orbogny) Dentalinoides canulina Marie Noneonella insecta (Schwager) Pleurostomella subnodosa (Reuss) = paleocenica (Cushman) Paralabamina hillebrndti (Fisher) Lenticulina muennsteri = navicula. (d Orbigny). = gunderbookaensis. Crespin = sp. Gavelinella micra. = danica Lagena hispida Reuss = sp. Palliolattella sp. Coryphostomata midwayensis. (Cushman) Gyroidina girardana (Reuss) Gaudryna pyramidata. Cushman = pulvina Gyroidinoides globosus. (Hagenow) = exsertus (Belford) = subangulatus (Plummer) Clavulinoides globulifera.Ten Dam &Sigal Conicospirilina sp. Saracenaria navicula (d Orbigny) Ellipsodimorphina sp.
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
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IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
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VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
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VIII successions from the upper par
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3.2.1.4- Pseudotextularia intermedi
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XII Table No. Title Page Table (3.1
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XIV Fig (4.11): Sedimentation rate
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Chapter one Introduction such as pl
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Chapter one Introduction Fig. (1.1)
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Chapter one Introduction lithologic
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Chapter one Introduction The Shiran
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Chapter one Introduction Abdel-Kire
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Chapter one Introduction The Kolosh
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Page 30 and 31: Chapter one Introduction a- Globotr
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Page 34 and 35: Chapter one Introduction 4- Kato se
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Page 38 and 39: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy Fig (
Page 42 and 43: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy 2.3-
Page 44 and 45: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy mediu
Page 48 and 49: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy white
Page 52 and 53: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy The u
Page 56 and 57: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy CHAPT
Page 58 and 59: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (1988
Page 60 and 61: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy C R E
Page 62 and 63: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy U P P
Page 64 and 65: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy 3.2.1
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Page 68 and 69: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Pessa
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Page 72 and 73: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy C R E
Page 74 and 75: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Silva
Page 76 and 77: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy monmo
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Page 82 and 83: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (kiko
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Page 94 and 95: Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (Subb
Page 100 and 101: Chapter Four Depositional Environme
Page 126 and 127: Chapter Five CHAPTER FIVE Conclusio
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Chapter Five Conclusion Paleontolog
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Chapter Five Conclusion (Late Maast
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Chapter Five Conclusion E- Kato sec
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Chapter Five Conclusion 16- The ter
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REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
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Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
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Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
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limestone from the accretionary pri
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Cretaceous of the south Constantine
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James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
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Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
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Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
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Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
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Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
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Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE -1
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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ħÕäīª ħÎĪêĪĦ æ Ī¼ĤË
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ħĤÊīŇĤ ħÎ¼ŁŇĨ ħō ħ¹
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ϦϴΑϞλΎϔϟΪΤϠϟΔϤϳΪϘ
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̶ѧϟήѧϤΣϻϥϮѧϠϟΕΫ̶ѧ
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