biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...
biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...
biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...
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Chapter one<br />
Introduction<br />
Al-Barz<strong>in</strong>jy (2005) dur<strong>in</strong>g the study <strong>of</strong> stratigraphy <strong>and</strong> bas<strong>in</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
Red Bed Series at northeast Iraq, claimed that the depositional bas<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> lower<br />
Tertiary sequences <strong>of</strong> Red Bed, Kolosh, <strong>and</strong> Gercus Formations are the same<br />
<strong>and</strong> there were no paleohigh at the time <strong>of</strong> deposition to separate these units.<br />
1.5 - Previous biostratigraphic works on Shiranish –Tanjero Formations<br />
Bellen et al. (1959) has described briefly the distribution, age, lithology,<br />
fossil content, <strong>and</strong> stratigraphy <strong>of</strong> the Shiranish <strong>and</strong> Tanjero Formations, <strong>in</strong><br />
addition to geographic distribution at different localities.<br />
The most representative fossils foram<strong>in</strong>ifera <strong>of</strong> Shiranish Formation<br />
recorded <strong>in</strong> the type locality are: - Globiger<strong>in</strong>a cretacea, Globotruncana<br />
tricar<strong>in</strong>ata, G. lapparenti pendens, G. fornicata, G. stiwarti, G. Leopoldi, G.<br />
arca, G. gagneb<strong>in</strong>i, G. gansseri, G. cf.rosetta, <strong>and</strong> Pseudotextularia spp.,<br />
Anomal<strong>in</strong>a ammonoides, Boliv<strong>in</strong>a <strong>in</strong>crassata, Bulim<strong>in</strong>a sp., Bulim<strong>in</strong>ella laevis,<br />
Boliv<strong>in</strong>oides dracco, Cibicides beaumontianus, Gyroid<strong>in</strong>a<br />
naranjo<strong>in</strong>sis,Gyroid<strong>in</strong>a sp., Marsonella oxycona, Nodosaria sp., Textularia<br />
cretosa.(Buday 1980)<br />
The fossils reported by (Bellen et al., 1959) <strong>in</strong> Tanjero Formation are:-<br />
Gryphaea vesiclaris, Hippurites cf.morgani, H, nov. spp., Prairadiolites<br />
cyl<strong>in</strong>draceous, Turbo clathratus, vacc<strong>in</strong>ates cf. gallopry<strong>in</strong>cialis, L<strong>of</strong>tusia<br />
morgani, L. elongata, L. persica, L. nov.sp., Omphalocyclus macropora,<br />
Siderolites calcitrapoides, Globiger<strong>in</strong>a cretacea, G. sp., Globiger<strong>in</strong>ella cf.<br />
aspera, Globotruncana stuarti, G. leupoldi, G. lapparenti bulloides, G.<br />
lapparenti tricarnata, G. arca , G. fornicata, G. marg<strong>in</strong>ata, Gumbel<strong>in</strong>a<br />
spp.,Pseudotextularea elegans, Pseudolithothamnium album, Tr<strong>in</strong>ocladus. sp.,<br />
Ovulites sp.<br />
Two planktonic foram<strong>in</strong>iferal zones <strong>and</strong> five subzones are recognized by<br />
Kassab (1972, 1974, 1975c, 1975d, 1976b) <strong>and</strong> Kassab et al (1986) dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
their <strong>biostratigraphy</strong> study <strong>of</strong> the Shiranish <strong>and</strong> Tanjero Formations at their<br />
type localities <strong>and</strong> six other sections <strong>in</strong> north <strong>and</strong> northeast Iraq . They<br />
deducted the Late Campanian –Maastrichtian age to the both Formations <strong>in</strong><br />
Iraq, these zones as follow from base to the top:<br />
15
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