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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy C R E T A C E O U S T E R T I A R Y PERIOD L A T E M A A S T R I C H T I A N P A L E O C E N E EPOCH--AGE T A N J E R O F O R M A T I O N Kolosh FORMATION 1 40 80 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 177 180 185 195 200 210 SAMPLE No LITHOLOGY 1 63 110 140 160 170 180 190 210 230 255 280 300 320 THICKNESS m. P0 CF.zones CF 5 CF 4 CF 3 CF 2 CF 1 & P 1a P1b (Li&Killer,1998a) P. P. P. R. fructicosa P. hariaensis intermedia. palpebra hant. Pá SUBZONE ---- - -------- --- --------------- -- -------- --- ---- --- - - - - - - - - - - - ------------ ------- -- -- -------- ---------- - ------- - --- ------ ---------- -- ---- ------ ----- -- -- - ----- ---- -------- -------- ----- -------- -------- ------- ----- ------ ---- -------- ---- --- ------ ------ -- - ----- -------- --------- --------- - ---- ---- ---- ---- -------- ------ -- -- --- --- - - -- --- --- ---- -------- ------ --- -------- - - - - - -------- ----- ---- ------- - ---- - -- - ------ ----- ---------- ----- --- - - - -- -- -- ---- ---- ------- - - ---- - - - -------- ------ ----- --- --- -- -- - - -- -- --- ----- -------- ------- ---- -- - - - - -------- - ------- -- ----- ------- - ------- ----- - - - -------- -------- ------ ------- --------- ----- - - - - - - - - - - - ---- --- ---- ---- --------- ----- ---- - ---- -------- ----- - -- --- -- - ---- -- -- ---- - - ---- --------------- ---- - - ---- -- -- --- -- ----------- - -- ----- ----- -------- ------- ------- --- - - -- ------ -- - - - -- - ----- ------- - - - - - - -- -- ---- --- -------- -------- ----- -------- -------- -- ---- -------- -------------- ---------------- ---- --- ---- - - - --- -------- ------ -- ---- -- ------ - - -------- --- ------ --- -------- --- - -------- ------------ -- ---- ----- - - - - - -------- ---- ------ --- --------- -------- - - ---- - ------- ------------- - ---- --- - - - - -------- ----- ---- -------- -- --- - - - - - - -------- -------- ------- --- --- ----- - -------- -------- ------- ---- --- ---- -- --- ---- ------ -------- ----- ----------- -- -------- --- -- -------- - ----- ---- - - - ---- ------ -------- ---- -- - - - - - -------- -------- -- --- -- -- --- --- -- -- --- -------- -------- -------- ---- -- ---------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ ---- -------- ------- --- ----- --- -------- ---- ------ -- -- --- -- -- - - - -------- ------ ------- ------------- ----- --- - - - - - --- -------- ------ ------ -------- -------- ------ ---------- ----- - --------- ---- -------- ----- - - ------- -------- --- ---- ------ --- -- - - - ---- ------ ----- --------- ---- ----- ------ --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - -- --- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- - ---- --- ---- ---- --- --- - -- --- -- -- ----- --- - -- -- ------ ----- ---- -- -- -- ---- ----- ------- -- - ---- - --- -- -- --- --- -- -- - ------ - --- ----- ---- --- --- - --- --- - -- - -- - --- -- - - -- --- -- -- - - --- -- -- -- -- --- --- -- - ---- - --- ---- ---- ---- - -- --- --- -- --- ------- ---- --- ----- ------- --- -- - -- - -- - --- --- --- --- -- -- ------ ---- -- -------- --- --- ---- ------ - --- ---- -- -- --- ----- --- ---- ------ ----- -- -- ---- ------- --- -- --- -- - --- ---- -- -- ---- -------- --- ---- ---- ----- --- ------ ----- --- --- ---------- --- --------- - ------ - --- --- -------- ----- ----- ------ --- - ----- ---- ---- -- - ----- ------- --- --- ---- --- --- ------ FORAMINIFERA BENTHONIC Bolivina incrassata Reuss Bolivinoides draco (Marsson) = delicates Cushman = miliaris Hittcrmar & Koch Astacolua sp. Rzehakina epigone (Rzehak) Cibicidoides dayi (White) = subcarinatos Cushman & Deaderick Osangularia navarrana (Cushman) Pullenia jarvisi Cushman Pyrulinoides sp. Neoflabellina rugosa (d Orbigny). = delicatissima (Plummer) Bulimina ovulum Reuss = midwayensis Praebulimina ovulum (Reuss) = aspera (Cushman &Parker) Uvigerina graciliformis Oolina apiculata Reuss Globorotalites michelinianus (d Orbigny) Ammodiscus cretaceous (Reuss) = preuvianus Marsonella oxycona (Reuss) Dorothia smokynensis Wall = retusa = rosetta Textularia astutia. Lalicker Spiroplectamina laevis. (Roemer) = spectabilis (Grzybowski) = dentata (Alth) = navicula (d Orbigny) Stilomella midwayensis. (Cushman &Todd) Nodosaria minor Hantken = affinis Reuss = cf. limbata d'Orbigny. Pseudonodosaria sp. = appressa Loeblich & Tappan Dentalina elegans d Orbogny = inornata (d Orbogny) Dentalinoides canulina Marie Noneonella insecta (Schwager) Pleurostomella paleocenica (Cushman) Paralabamina hillebrndti (Fisher) = laevis. (Beissel) Lenticulina muennsteri = navicula. (d Orbigny). = gunderbookaensis. Crespin Gavelinella micra. = danica Lagena hispida Reuss Fissurina? sp. Coryphostomata midwayensis. (Cushman) Gyroidina girardana (Reuss) Gaudryna pyramidata. Cushman = pulvina Gyroidinoides globosus. (Hagenow) = exsertus (Belford) Clavulinoides globulifera.Ten Dam &Sigal Conicospirilina sp. Rotalia spp Omphalocyclus macroporus (Lamark) Orbitoides medius (d Archiac) . Fig (3.2) Biostratigraphic range chart of benthonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Sirwan area, (Sirwan section) 46
Chapter Three Biostratigraphy It is important to mention that the conventional index species Abathomphalus mayaroensis of Late Maastrichtian recorded very rare presentation and it is frequently absent in shallow continental shelf sections in all studied regions which may be due to paleoenvironment condition of the deeper and more basinal oceanic environment around low latitudes restrictions of the species Canudo et al., (1991), and in high latitudes disappear prior to K/T boundary (Blow, 1979). Therefore the A. mayaroensis Biozone is geographically and ecologically restricted. In such cases it is better to replace the A. mayaroensis Biozone by other biozones to avoid any ambiguous and vague situation about first appearance and last extinction datum event. (Figs 3.12 and 3.13) For the Paleogene subdivisions zonal scheme previously have been developed in two widely separated geographic areas: the eastern hemisphere (Caucasus mountains, e.g. Subbotina, 1953; Krasheninikov, 1969), and in the western hemisphere (Trinidad, e.g. Bolli, 1957 a, b in Samir, 2002). A discussion of all subsequent modifications of the original zonal scheme proposed by Bolli (1966), Blow (1979), Berggren & Miller (1988), Berggren et al., (1995), Berggren & Norris (1997), Olsson et al., (2000), represent the base of Paleocene zonal scheme for this study with other mentioned authors in Fig (3.13) which shows a comparison between this zonal scheme and earlier developed schemes. It is worthy to remember that the original, genetic radiation, phylogenetic reconstruction relationship and geologic ranges of Paleocene planktonic foraminifera were established by Liu & Olsson (1992), and Olsson et al., (2000), which form the base principles datum event of working group up on the( Atlas of Paleocene Planktonic Foraminifera) by Olsson et al.,(2000), figs (4.9 -4.11) 3.2.1- Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Formations: According to identified planktonic foraminiferal assemblages within upper most part of Shiranish Formation, Reddish to pale brown succession, Tanjero Formation in Smaquli area in addition in upper part of Tanjero Formation in all other sections, eight biozones are recorded from the studied sections. The biostratigraphic zones of the studied area are described from the bottom to the top as below: 47
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
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IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
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VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
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VIII successions from the upper par
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Chapter Four Depositional Environme
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Chapter Five CHAPTER FIVE Conclusio
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Chapter Five Conclusion Paleontolog
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Chapter Five Conclusion (Late Maast
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Chapter Five Conclusion E- Kato sec
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Chapter Five Conclusion 16- The ter
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REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
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Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
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Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
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limestone from the accretionary pri
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Cretaceous of the south Constantine
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James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
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Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
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Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
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Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
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Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
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Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE -1
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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