biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...

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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (kikoine), Racemiguembelina fructicosa (Egger), Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Nederbragt, P. palpebra, P. excolata (Cushman), Hedbergella monmothensis (Olsson), H. holmdelensis Olsson, Gublerina cuvillieri Kikoine, Gumbelitria cretacea Cushman. As defined above, the present zone (CF2) of studied area is equivalent to the same zone of the P. palpebra Zone of South Atlantic DSDP Site 525A (Li & Keller, 1998a), (Abramovich et al.,2002); and Tunisia (Li & Keller, 1998b), (Arenillas et al.,2000); eastern Tethys (Keller, 2004), the present P. palpebra Zone is equivalent to the upper part of Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone recorded from different parts of the world (Premoli Silva & Sliter, 1995 & 1999), (Molina et al., 1996) Canudo et al., 1991); from Spain; Premoli Silva et al.,1998 eastern Mediterranean; (Robaszynski et al., 1984; Caron, 1985), general; (Maestas et al., 2003), USA California; and Egypt (Obaidalla, 2005; Samir 2002; Elnady &Shahin, 2001; Luning et al.,1998). The present P. palpebra Zone is equivalent to the upper part of Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone recorded from different localities from Iraq, (Al-Mutwali and Al Juboury, 2005; Al-Mutwali, 1996; Hammoudi, 2000; Abawi et al., 1982; Abdel-Kireem, 1986; Kassab, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1979, and Kassab et al., 1986) (Figs 3.10 -12) The age estimation of this biozone by (Li and Keller, 1998a), records the Upper Late Maastrichtian, with the time span of (65.45Ma) to (65.30Ma) estimating absolute ages based on magnetochron ages. (150 Ky) estimating absolute ages based on magnetochron ages with (6 ky/m) high rate of deposition in Gali section. (17 ky/m) high rate of deposition in Qulka section Dokan area.(6 ky/m) high rate of sedimentation in Sirwan valley. (Figs. 3.12 -14) Age: Upper Late Maastrichtian. 3.2.1.8- Plummerita hantkeninoides Total Range Zone (CF 1) The biostratigraphic interval of this zone defined by the total range of the nominate taxon, Plummerita hantkeninoides (Bronnimann). Pardo et al. (1996) introduced the P. hantkeninoides Zone for the latest Maastrichtian of Spain. It marks the uppermost Cretaceous biozones. As its top marks the K/P boundary. The upper limit of this zone coincides with the mass extinction of large tropical-- 68
Chapter Three Biostratigraphy subtropical taxa. At Studied sections, this zone covers the top (25) meters of the Maastrichtian in Sirwan area (Plate.16, Fig.12). (Plate.21, Figs.10, 11). (13) meters in Qulka section. And (15) meters in Gali section. The Characteristic recorded planktonic foraminiferal assemblage of this zone shows gradual decreasing in both species and individual numbers from Pseudoguembelina palpebra Zone to Plummerita hantkeninoides Zone. (50) to (37) species in Gali section (Smaquli area), (37) to (29) species in Sirwan section and (38) to (24) species in Qulka section (Figs. 3.1, 3.5 and 3.7), at this zone. In addition, the planktonic foraminiferal species enduring from the underlying biozones, only two species Plummerita hantkeninoides (Bronnimann) and Trinitella scotti Bronnimann show their first appearance in Gali section and Plummerita hantkeninoides (Bronnimann) in both Sirwan and Qulka section. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in Qulka section comprise Heterohelix navarroensis Loeblish, H. globulosa (Ehrenberg), H. striata (Ehrenberg), Rugoglobigerina rugosa (Plummer), R. scotti (Bronnimann), R. macrocephala Bronnimann, R. pennyi Bronnimann, R. rotundata Bronnimann, Globotruncanita stuartiformis Dalbez, G. conica White, Globotruncana falsocalcarata Kerdany & Abdelsalam, Glt. falsostuarti Sigal, Glt. dupeublie Caron et al., Contusotruncana contusa (Cushman), C. plicata White, Globotruncanella petaloidea (Gandolfi), Pseudotextularia elegans (Rzehak), Pseudoguembelina costulata (Cushman), P. hariaensis Nederbragt, P. palpebra, P. excolata (Coshman), Hedbergella monmothensis (Olsson), H. holmdelensis Olsson, Gumbelitria cretacea Cushman, Plummerita hantkeninoides (Bronnimann), (Fig. 4.5). As defined above and based on the associated planktonic foraminiferal assemblage, the present Plummerita hantkeninoides Total Range Zone (CF 1) is equivalent to the same zone recorded from Tunisia (Li & Keller, 1998b); Eastern Tethys Israel (Keller 2004), Egypt (Keller, 2002), ( Samir 2002 and Obaidalla 2005), (Pardo et al. 1996), (Keller 1996); Tunisia (Arenillas et al.,2000); to the upper part of Zone (CF 1-2) from South Atlantic DSDP Site 525A (Li & Keller, 1998a); and Madagascar (Abramovich et al.,2002); DSDP Site 525A (Abramovich and Keller, 2003); USA (Stinnesbeck et al., 2004). The 69
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
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IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
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VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
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VIII successions from the upper par
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3.2.1.4- Pseudotextularia intermedi
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XII Table No. Title Page Table (3.1
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XIV Fig (4.11): Sedimentation rate
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Chapter one Introduction such as pl
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Chapter one Introduction Fig. (1.1)
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Chapter one Introduction lithologic
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Chapter one Introduction The Shiran
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Chapter one Introduction Abdel-Kire
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Chapter one Introduction The Kolosh
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Chapter one Introduction 1.4.2.2- R
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Chapter one Introduction a- Globotr
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Chapter Five Conclusion E- Kato sec
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Chapter Five Conclusion 16- The ter
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REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
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Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
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Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
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limestone from the accretionary pri
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Cretaceous of the south Constantine
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James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
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Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
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Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
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Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
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Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
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Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE -1
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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