biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...

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Chapter Four Depositional Environmenment and Paleoecology The remaining interval of this section is represented by thick succession 115m. of Aqra limestone Formation ,characterized by common occurrence of coral like rudists which constitute the original part of the carbonates with other great number of bivalve pelecypods, in addition to the echinoids, gastropods, brachiopods, coral and large foraminiferal assemblages with common smaller benthonic too. (Fig. 4.6) It is convenient to mention that the occurrence of Planktonic foraminifera not observed till the end of this section except for the lowermost few meters of this interval. It is well known that rudist growth and their nourished during late Cretaceous shallow marine quiet environment with low agitation or dynamic action of watermass within depositional environment, the bathymetry not exceeds than 30m depth. The Aqra interfingering limestone represents submerged high reefal facies relatively represent a time span of quite and shallowing within the mobile foreland basin of Tanjero trough. (Al- Omari 1989, Al-Mutwali 1992, Lawa et al., 1998.) The Aqra Limestone Formation followed by 67m. of alternation of bluish white marl, marly limestone, siltstone, recrystallized fossiliferous limestone sandy limestone, with weathered friable sandstone, olive green sandstone, dark grey shale and calcareous shale. This interval characterized by continuation of the same benthonic foraminiferal assemblages of Aqra Limestone without macrofossils growth in situ ,it is characterized by increasing in agglutinated percent from 20 to 45 in the middle and upper part of this interval. The depositional environment and paleobathymetry of this unit may represent upper part of inner neritic shoal from 10 to 30m. depth. This interval characterized by no evidence of any porcelaneous foraminiferal assemblages which indicate no restriction, high agitation of watermass, and high rate of deposition which may cause the dilution of planktonic foraminiferal survivorship. The planktonic assemblages of the lower part in Kato section from (CF4) Zone to lower most part of (CF3) Zone (Fig. 4. 7) are characterized by low to moderate values in the percentages of planktonic foraminifera, P/B ratios 98
Chapter Four Depositional Environmenment and Paleoecology Fig (4.6): The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Qishlagh section (Qala Cholan area) Between 42-45, species richness is between 25-30, low to moderate agglutinated percentages 20-30 and general benthonic morphotypes of Upper Cretaceous/Early Paleocene paleodepth indicators reveal middle to outer shelf bathymetry around 100 to 200m depth. But controversy to the above mentioned conception it is appropriate to emend this abstraction because the 99
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BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
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IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
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VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
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VIII successions from the upper par
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3.2.1.4- Pseudotextularia intermedi
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XII Table No. Title Page Table (3.1
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XIV Fig (4.11): Sedimentation rate
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Chapter one Introduction such as pl
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Chapter one Introduction Fig. (1.1)
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Chapter one Introduction lithologic
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Chapter one Introduction The Shiran
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Chapter one Introduction Abdel-Kire
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Chapter one Introduction The Kolosh
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Chapter one Introduction 1.4.2.2- R
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Chapter one Introduction a- Globotr
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Chapter one Introduction Fig (1, 6)
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Chapter one Introduction 4- Kato se
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Chapter one Introduction 1.8 -The a
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy Fig (
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy 2.3-
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy mediu
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy white
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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy The u
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy CHAPT
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (1988
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy C R E
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Page 136 and 137: REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
Page 138 and 139: Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
Page 140 and 141: Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
Page 142 and 143: limestone from the accretionary pri
Page 144 and 145: Cretaceous of the south Constantine
Page 146 and 147: James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
Page 148 and 149: Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
Page 150 and 151: Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
Page 152 and 153: Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
Page 154 and 155: Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
Page 156 and 157: Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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