biostratigraphy and paleoecology of cretaceous/tertiary boundary in ...

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Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy white marl, marly siltstone, thin bedded recrystalized limestone and with clay ball and pillow structure. In this section, it is significant to mention that there are 3 conglomerate beds at the upper part of this unit, with the thickness of (0.5 m., –1.5 m., – 0.2 m.) respectively, the conglomerate bed with thickness of 1.5m is previously concluded to be the marker bed of Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at studied section by different authors, Fig (2.11a). Whereas the negate event is that the exact Cretaceous/Tertiary contact comes after 14m above the previously mentioned contact, without any obvious change in lithologic characters between Tanjero and Kolosh Formations at sample No. of K20 with the first appearance of Paleocene index foram. taxon .and disappearance of the Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera of Globotruncanids, Heterohelicids and Rugoglobigerinids. The contact line placed at the base of friable, soft and weathered fine sandstone and silty sandstone of (5m.) thickness with dilution of foraminiferal content by abrupt change and without more Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera, and the recognition of the major paleoclimatic transform during the late Maastrichtian has focused new attention on climate changes and their effect on marine organisms, this was reflected on foraminiferal survivorship in the studied area. The Kolosh Formation consists of 5m soft, friable, weathered sandstone, siltstone at the base, followed by dark grey shale, olive green marl and organic rich shale alternate with thin layer of siltstone, fine sandstone occasionally intervened thin marly limestone layers, and 2m of sandstone, pebbly sandstone and friable conglomerate Fig (2.11b) rich in reworked fossils of solitary corals, and small gastropods, pelecypod and brachiopods at the middle part of studied interval. 34
Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy Fig (2.9) Schematic geologic cross section of the Qulka Section in Dokan area 35
Page 1: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
Page 4 and 5: IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
Page 6 and 7: VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
Page 8 and 9: VIII successions from the upper par
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Page 12 and 13: XII Table No. Title Page Table (3.1
Page 14 and 15: XIV Fig (4.11): Sedimentation rate
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Page 18 and 19: Chapter one Introduction Fig. (1.1)
Page 20 and 21: Chapter one Introduction lithologic
Page 22 and 23: Chapter one Introduction The Shiran
Page 24 and 25: Chapter one Introduction Abdel-Kire
Page 26 and 27: Chapter one Introduction The Kolosh
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Fig (
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Chapter Four Depositional Environme
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Chapter Five CHAPTER FIVE Conclusio
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Chapter Five Conclusion Paleontolog
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Chapter Five Conclusion (Late Maast
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Chapter Five Conclusion E- Kato sec
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Chapter Five Conclusion 16- The ter
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REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
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Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
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Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
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limestone from the accretionary pri
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Cretaceous of the south Constantine
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James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
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Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
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Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
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Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
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Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
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Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE -1
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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