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XII Table No. Title Page Table (3.1) Showing the number of planktonic and benthonic foraminiferal Genera and species identified in the studied sections from the Tanjero and Kolosh Formations 44 Figure No. Title Page Fig ( 3.1) Biostratigraphic range chart of planktonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Sirwan area, (Sirwan section) 45 Fig (3.2 ) Biostratigraphic range chart of benthonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Sirwan area, (Sirwan section) 46 Fig (3.3) Biostratigraphic range chart of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera, Cretaceous /Tertiary boundary in Kato area (Kato section) 48 Fig (3.4 ) Biostratigraphic range chart of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera Cretaceous /Tertiary boundary, Qala cholan area, (Qishlagh section) 49 Fig (3.5) Biostratigraphic range chart of planktonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Dokan area, (Qulka section) 56 Fig (3.6 ) Biostratigraphic range chart of benthonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, Dokan area, (Qulka section) 57 Fig (3.7) (in 2 parts). – Part 1: Biotratigraphic range chart of planktonic foraminifera at Cretaceous /Tertiary boundary in Smaquli area (Gali section) 58 Fig (3.7) Part 2:- Biostratigraphic range chart of planktonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary in Smaquli area (Gali section) Continued. 59 Fig (3.8) Biostratigraphic range chart of benthonic foraminifera at Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in Smaquli area (Gali section) Fig (3.9) Genetic radiation, Phylogenetic relationship and Geologic ranges of Paleocene serial & low to high trochospiral microperforate wall structure planktonic foraminifera (From Olsson et. al, 2000) 65 73 Fig (3.10) Genetic radiation, Phylogenetic relationship and Geologic range of Paleocene muricate, smooth walled, non-spinose and spinose concellate wall structure of trochospiral planktonic foraminifera (From Olsson et. al, 2000) Fig (3.11) Genetic radiation and phylogenetic reconstruction of the Early Paleocene microperforate planktonic foraminifera (From Liu & Olsson 1992) 74 75 Fig (3. 12 ) Correlation chart showing the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic zones of Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of the studied sections with the planktonic foraminiferal zonation commonly used in low, middle and high latitudes, in the new zonal scheme, and inside the Iraq. The age of planktonic foraminiferal datum events shown. (Modified from different authors) 82 Fig ( 3. 13) Correlation chart showing the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic zones of Upper Maastrichtian/lower Danian of the studied sections with the planktonic foraminiferal zonation commonly used in low, middle and high latitudes, in the new zonal scheme. The age of planktonic foraminiferal datum events shown. (Modified from different authors) 83
XIII Fig (3.14). High resolution planktonic foraminiferal biozone for the Maastrichtian and Early Danian (Cretaceous/Tertiary) boundary at Gali section (Smaquli area) and other studied localities. Note that this biozones significantly refines the resolution for the upper Maastrichtian, by replacing the Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone by four biozones. 84 Fig (3.15) Correlation of the previous Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic zonation on Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary with the present study in the studied region and different localities of Iraq. 85 Fig (4.1) Planktonic foraminiferal species richness across the Tunisian continental shelf-slope based on data from the inner shelf Seldja section (Keller and other,1998) , middle shelf Elles section ( Abramovich and Keller,2002), and outer shelf to upper slope El Kef section (Li and Keller 1998c,). Note: The species richness increase with increasing depth across the shelf and is a function of available ecological niches and depth habitats (from Keller 2004) 89 Fig (4.2) Upper depth limits and paleobathymetric distribution of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene benthonic foraminifera (1): van Morkhoven et al.(1986), fold out, p.8, fig,5; (2): Speijer (1994), p. 84,fig.6; (3):Tjalsma and Lohmann (1983); (4): Widmark (2000), p.376; (5): Berggren and Aubert (1975); (6):R. Speijer, press. Comm., 2001; (7): Widmark and Speijer 1997a; (8): Kaminski et al.1988;(1c): modified after van Morkhoven et al.(1986), (from Alegret and Thomas 2001) 92 Fig (4.3): The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the Late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Gali section (Smaquli area) 94 Fig (4.4): The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Qulka section (Dokan area) 96 Fig (4.5): The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Sirwan section (Sirwan valley) 97 Fig (4.6): The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Qishlagh section (Qala Cholan area) 99 Fig (4.7: The main Foraminiferal parameters derived from the quantitative analysis with the proposed paleodepth curve in the late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene succession in Kato section (Barzinja area) 101 Fig (4.8): Graphic correlation shows the depositional rate of sediment between Smaquli and Qulka sections, Note: Change in the gradient in the early stage (dog-Leg) indicate highest rate of deposition in Qulka section than Smaquli section 106 Fig (4.9): Graphic correlation shows the depositional rate of sediment between Smaquli and Sirwan sections. Note: Change in the gradient in the early stage (dog-Leg) indicate highest rate of deposition in Sirwan section than Smaquli section 107 Fig (4.10): Graphic correlation shows the depositional rate of sediment between Qulka and Sirwan sections. Note: NO Change in the gradient o observed, a best-fit line constructed completely which indicate similar rate of deposition in Qulka and Sirwan section 107
Page 1: BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF
Page 4 and 5: IV Dedicated: To My Wife My Daughte
Page 6 and 7: VI Abstract The Cretaceous / Tertia
Page 8 and 9: VIII successions from the upper par
Page 10 and 11: 3.2.1.4- Pseudotextularia intermedi
Page 14 and 15: XIV Fig (4.11): Sedimentation rate
Page 16 and 17: Chapter one Introduction such as pl
Page 18 and 19: Chapter one Introduction Fig. (1.1)
Page 20 and 21: Chapter one Introduction lithologic
Page 22 and 23: Chapter one Introduction The Shiran
Page 24 and 25: Chapter one Introduction Abdel-Kire
Page 26 and 27: Chapter one Introduction The Kolosh
Page 28 and 29: Chapter one Introduction 1.4.2.2- R
Page 30 and 31: Chapter one Introduction a- Globotr
Page 32 and 33: Chapter one Introduction Fig (1, 6)
Page 34 and 35: Chapter one Introduction 4- Kato se
Page 36 and 37: Chapter one Introduction 1.8 -The a
Page 38 and 39: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy Fig (
Page 42 and 43: Chapter Two Lithostratigraphy 2.3-
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy U P P
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy 3.2.1
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy age e
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Pessa
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Patel
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy C R E
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Silva
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy monmo
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy and 3
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy There
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (kiko
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy prese
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy chara
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy Fig (
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Chapter Three Biostratigraphy (Subb
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Chapter Four Depositional Environme
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Chapter Five CHAPTER FIVE Conclusio
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Chapter Five Conclusion Paleontolog
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Chapter Five Conclusion (Late Maast
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Chapter Five Conclusion E- Kato sec
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Chapter Five Conclusion 16- The ter
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REFERENCES Abawi, T. S. Abdel-Kiree
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Northwestern Iraq. Rafidain Journal
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Bandy, O. L., 1967. Cretaceous plan
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limestone from the accretionary pri
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Cretaceous of the south Constantine
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James, G. A. and Wynd, J. G., 1965.
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Kassab, I. I. M., 1975c. Planktonic
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Liu, C. and Olsson, R. K., 1992. Ev
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Molina, E. Arenillas, I. and Arz, J
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Petters, S. W. EL-Nakhal, H. A. and
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Sissakian, V. K., 2000. Geological
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE -1
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PLATE -3 Scale bar represents magni
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PLATE -11 Scale bar represents magn
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PLATE -17 Figs 1- 3 Globotruncana a
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PLATE -19 Figs. 1 Gansserina wieden
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PLATE -21 Figs 1-2 Abathomphalus ma
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PLATE -23 Fig. 1 Globigerinelloides
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