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Part III Organizing Multi-Actor Strategies Previous sections focused on global, country, and sectoral levels. This section shifts back to the international and national levels, where external responses to particular fragile and failed states are, by and large, authorized and formulated. Both the transnational character of global security challenges and the limited resources allocated to address them are pushing states and international organizations to consider cooperating more with each other with coherent multi-actor strategies. In order for efforts at any of the levels to achieve significant results, more than a single actor needs to be involved; no actor alone has sufficient resources, policy tools or standing. The recommended sequencing for fragile or failed state strategies entails several differing policy instruments to be applied at differing times. Any single actor is unable to implement all the instruments needed in that way. The guidelines require several international actors working together. In addition, because scarce international resources to address fragile states are becoming further squeezed, pooling resources makes sense. Organizing Multi-Actor Strategies | 97
However, the prevailing unilateral processes and stovepiping structures through which problems in fragile or failed states are defined, decisions are made, and programs are designed and implemented are so dominant that they rarely allow for a synoptic and lateral approach to diagnostics or strategy on the ground. The ways in which such a multi-actor strategic process may still be possible are taken up in Part III. The following pages examine possibilities and constraints that affect the ability to carry out the multi-dimensional strategies and sequenced actions that are needed. The first section looks at the current status and prospects for strategic coherence in the UN and other major international actors. The subsequent section looks at the US government. Strategic Coherence in the UN, EU and Other International Actors 25 A critical issue for the US in preventing and rebuilding failed states is how to work with the multilateral organizations that are also involved in order to make use of comparative advantages and optimize their combined impacts. Can the US take better advantage of these organizations' existing capacities and knowledge on fragile states policies? A first step is to look closely at the potential benefits and limits of cooperation and cohesion with other international actors. What Capabilities for Coherence Have Been Developed? United Nations The UN system does not use the terms “fragile” or “failed” states, or for the most part, “state-building.” The United Nations is comprised of member states, and in New York, they are, in a sense, sacred. To acknowledge that any of them are weak, failed or failing can elicit a letter from the country mission that objects 98 | Engaging Fragile States: An International Policy Primer
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Engaging Fragile States An Internat
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report would
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The compelling rationale behind the
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which had some forms of interactive
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Why are failed states relevant to U
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In 2009-2010, Pakistan, Yemen, and
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“ What is needed is government-wi
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All in all, between the undesirable
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Report Aims and Structure To help b
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What can be done to keep a state fr
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It is to be expected that countries
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Sources of Failure and Resiliency T
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all rankings come to the top, such
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“ Quite frequently, democratic go
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When such a crisis is imminent, fas
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How Can Decision-Makers Use Global
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For example, the United States star
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Why would the US and other internat
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It would be a mistake, for example,
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Life Cycle of Conflicts Peacemaking
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What Actions Have Prevented Potenti
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Notional Operation Plan Phrases Tak
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States (OAS) have agreed on normati
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4 While all such situations may not
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8 Train a responsible opposition gr
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14 Over time, support the creation
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Page 61 and 62: Can International Mediation Incenti
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Page 101 and 102: How Should Economic Policies be Dec
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Page 113 and 114: What Obstacles Stand in the Way? Un
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Page 141 and 142: Endnotes 1 The State Fragility Inde
Page 143 and 144: Bibliography “10-Step BEFORE Appr
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