Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Table A6.4. Catch rates during the mahi mahi season in the port of Ilo, 2005-2006 (Pro Delphinus, unpublished data). Year CPUE (number per 1000 hooks) Mahi Mahi Blue Shark Mako Shark 2005 94.15 0.0 0.0 2006 95.69 0.65 0.0 Table A6.5. Catch composition, by weight and value, for the port of Ilo, 2003-2006 (Pro Delphinus, unpublished data). Species Catch (x 1,000 kg) Revenue ($1000US) Mahi mahi 74.247 95.036 Blue sharks 1.275 1.148 Mako sharks 0.817 1.511 Swordfish 0.106 0.248 Table A6.6. Number caught and disposition of sharks in Ilo and Salaverry longline fisheries (Pro Delphinus, unpublished data). Year No. sharks caught No. sharks discarded No. sharks finned No. whole sharks retained Percent sharks retained (any part of individual shark is retained) Percent sharks finned 2004-2005 139 8 0 129 93 0 2005-2006 27 1 0 26 96 0 Table A6.7. Number of sharks by individual species caught, proportion that are dead when hauled to the vessel, CPUE, number discarded alive, number discarded dead and number of whole sharks retained by the Peruvian longline mahi mahi fleet (Pro Delphinus, unpublished data) Shark species Number caught Number dead when hauled to the vessel CPUE (number caught per 1000 hooks) Number discarded alive Number discarded dead Number whole sharks (carcass plus other parts) landed Blue 108 4 0.5669 3 0 99 Mako 45 9 0.2362 5 0 35 Ray 22 0 0.1155 21 0 1 Hammerhead 4 3 0.0210 0 0 4 Other 9 8 0.0472 1 0 7 A6.4. Catch and Discard Rates of Target and Bycatch Species A summary of catch rates for the Peruvian artisanal longline fleet in the port of Ilo during the summer mahi mahi season of 2005 and 2006 is presented in Table A6.4. Catch rates shown are for all caught fish (both retained and discarded). Pro Delphinus onboard observers also collected data on catch composition for the port of Ilo. Table A6.5 presents catch composition data obtained from 35 observed trips during mahi mahi seasons from 2003 to 2006. During the 2005 mahi mahi season almost all sharks captured were retained and landed. Sharks were processed for both their fins and meat. Some rays were discarded, particularly in the port of Ilo, where they have no commercial value. In a few cases, small (below 60 cm in length) individual blue sharks were also released alive. From 2004 to 2006 Pro Delphinus onboard observers monitored in detail the shark take during mahi mahi season in 4 ports for a total of 27 trips and 197 sets. Information on capture rates by species and fate of caught animals is presented in Tables A6.6 and A6.7. A6.5. Regulations and their Implications for a Management Framework In Peru there is a target fishery for sharks, which operates about 9 months of each year. Sharks are typically retained as an incidental catch during the other three months of the year when the fleet targets mahi mahi. There are regulations setting the minimum size of capture for some species such as the coastal smoothounds from the genus Mustelus and Triakis, as well as for blue sharks, makos and hammerheads sharks. There is, however, little or no enforcement of these regulations. Peru has no specific shark finning regulations. There is no apparent need for such regulations because both shark meat and fins are utilized and commercialized. Animals are typically retained and finned either onboard or at the port. The high number of shark landings and demand from the domestic market (Estrella and Guevara-Carrasco, 1998a, 1998b; Estrella et al. 1998, 1999 and 2000) as well as the international market for shark meat and fins (PROMPEX Peru, 2006) may help explain why shark finning does not occur in Peru. 104
Peru Artisanal Mahimahi And Shark Longline Fishery Table A6.8. Peru exports of shark fins (Prompex, 2006). Countries 1995 2000 2005 Kg FOB Price 1 Kg FOB Price 1 Kg FOB Price 1 Hong Kong 71,437.00 2,135,783.38 110,535.42 4,620,213.92 139,624.19 5,718,524.65 Japan 19,133.40 310,999.80 20,082.02 605,137.14 15,393.66 1,315,604.27 Costa Rica 2,443.62 87,086.49 9,137.00 495,216.00 Ecuador 2,080.00 39,520.00 Panama 1,007.00 29,946.00 China 0.00 25,250.00 1,704.21 78,672.02 Canada 600.00 12,070.00 1,636.60 34,719.18 857.00 80,699.41 United States 118.00 7,543.50 6,065.78 108,131.60 4.20 630.00 Trinidad and Tobago 2,640.00 110,880.00 Honduras 1,750.50 67,367.00 Argentina 1,429.00 55,005.25 Singapur 1,776.90 51,395.00 Italy 15,908.00 17,498.80 South Africa 11.16 529.50 Taiwan 1,048.60 61,678.28 Vietnam 567.58 43,052.54 Total 96,819.02 2,648,199.17 170,972.38 6,166,093.39 159,199.45 7,298,861.17 1 FOB = Free on board Table A6.9. Peru exports of shark meat (Prompex, 2006) 2000 2005 Countries Kg FOB Price 1 Kg FOB Price 1 Mexico 6,506.80 99,943.36 España 39,400.40 78,198.00 Dinamarca 23,740.50 55,139.06 Italia 25,781.80 30,869.63 Uruguay 49,000.00 27,440.00 Korea 534.00 386.41 United States 6870.08 18918.71 3,736.93 10,297.55 Hong Kong 10.00 10.00 Nederlands 1.00 1.00 Canada 5.00 14.00 Brasil 251,606.00 295,363.25 Colombia 161,590.00 132,823.00 Guadalupe 2,603.00 5,617.10 Total 151,849.58 310,920.17 419,535.93 444,100.9 1 FOB = Free on board 105
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
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Contents Summary and Conclusions 1
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Contents Appendix 3. Fiji Pelagic L
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Contents Appendix 8. USA Hawaii Lon
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Methods
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Introduction and Methods 1.2. Metho
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Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
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Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
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Shark Catch Rates and Disposition T
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Chapter 4 National and Internationa
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National and International Measures
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Economic, Practical, Ecological and
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Economic, Practical, Ecological and
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Chapter 6 Industry Attitudes and Pr
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Industry Attitudes and Practices Lo
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Industry Attitudes and Practices Fi
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Chapter 7 Potential of Deterrents,
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Potential of Deterrents, Hotspot Av
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References Campana, S.E., L. Marks,
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References Neves dos Santos, M., Ga
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Page 99 and 100: Appendix 5 Japan Pelagic Longline F
Page 101 and 102: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries Fi
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Page 115 and 116: Appendix 6 Peru Artisanal Mahimahi
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Page 127 and 128: Appendix 7 South Africa Pelagic Lon
Page 129 and 130: South Africa Pelagic Longline Tuna
Page 135 and 136: Appendix 8 USA Hawaii-based Pelagic
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Page 147 and 148: Appendix 9 USA Atlantic, Gulf of Me
Page 149 and 150: USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Ca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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