Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries 3. Without shark regulations would you be better off economically? Yes 8 No 6 4. Without regulations do you think sharks would be worse off? Yes 8 No 5 5. If you could avoid shark capture altogether (or mostly) would you be better off economically than if you could fully utilize the sharks that you do catch? Yes 3 No 11 6. In your experience are sharks nowadays more or less abundant – all species? More 3 Less 3 Same 8 7. Is shark damage to your gear a concern? Yes 12 No 2 8. If of concern, is this mostly for the extra time and effort to repair or replace gear, or for the actual cost of gear, (hooks line, swivels) lost to sharks? Gear 4 Time 4 Both 6 9. Would your preference be, if possible: (a) To avoid shark bycatch ? (b) To not avoid it, (if free to fully utilise them?) Avoid 3 Not 11 10. Is the income to your boat from sharks shared in the same way as all income generated? Yes 8 No 6 11. Would this be the case if you were free to make use of all sharks caught? Yes 14 No 0 12. Do you fish differently (bait type, timing, position of sets) because there is greater incentive for you to avoid shark capture? Yes 11 No 3 13. Do you fish in any way that you think minimises the numbers of sharks that you catch? Yes 13 No 1 14. Are there any things you consider may further reduce shark captures or improve your efficiency in dealing with the ones that are caught? Yes 0 No 14 15. Do you use devices designed specifically to help release bycatch such as sharks? Yes 7 No 5 16. Are you aware of devices that are not in use that may be effective for discarding sharks? Yes 0 No 14 17. Provided appropriate regulations in relation to retention and use of sharks were in place, do you think that the option of incorporating a wire trace at the hook would potentially be advantageous or not: a) to economic impact of sharks? b) to ultimate conservation outcome to a shark that is caught? Yes No a) 6 8 b) 3 11 18. Do you think that any impression gained of distribution and abundance from shark capture rates by fishing vessels in your fishery is realistic? Yes 1 No 12 Uncertain 1 19. If shark flesh has little or no economic value do you think that deriving income from parts such as fins or oil alone is legitimate? Yes 9 No 5 50
Australia Longline Tuna and Billfish Fishery 20. Are the strategies you use to improve the survival of sharks that you do catch beneficial? Yes 11 No 3 21. Is losing or damaging gear to sharks of any concern to you? –the loss of a hook, mono, swivels, time, fishing effort? Yes 13 No 1 22. Do you think that to burley (for attracting fish) or routinely discard offal and/or used bait whilst line setting increases shark bycatch? Yes 8 No 6 23. Are less sharks attracted when using live bait? Yes 4 No 4 Uncertain 6 24. Is where you encounter your target species the same as where shark abundance is high? Yes 11 No 3 25. Are you able to predict the relationship between where target species and sharks can be caught? Yes 5 No 9 26. If you knew more about the relationship of shark abundance to environmental factors could this help you to avoid sharks? Yes 5 No 9 27. Do shark catch rates affect your target species catch rates? Yes 9 No 4 28. What species of shark do you most commonly catch? Bronze whalers 3 BLW 7 Mako 2 Bktp 1 29. Are there any species more destructive to your fishing than sharks? Yes 5 No 9 30. Do you think that the abundance of species that you catch gives an accurate or inaccurate indication of their overall abundance? Yes 6 No 8 31. If there were no regulations such as those for finning sharks, do you think that bycatch rates and retention rates would pose any threat to shark populations? Yes 11 No 3 32 Would you prefer to be allowed to utilise all sharkcaught? Yes 9 No 5 33. Have you any experience of specific hook size that is beneficial or detrimental to shark catch rate? Yes 5 No 9 34. Are more sharks likely to be caught if light sticks are used? Yes 10 No 4 35. Do you think that more sharks can be caught with certain bait types or size? Yes 10 No 4 36. Could you increase shark catches by deliberate actions to do so? Yes 13 No 1 37. If you deliberately targeted sharks would, doing this decrease your target species catch rate? Yes 13 No 1 38. Is it most efficient to discard sharks and retain hooks by using de-hooking methods over the side? Yes 10 No 4 39. For each shark that you catch do you think many more baits and hooks have been lost to sharks? Yes 12 No 2 51
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
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Contents Summary and Conclusions 1
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Contents Appendix 3. Fiji Pelagic L
Page 13: Contents Appendix 8. USA Hawaii Lon
Page 16 and 17: Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction and Methods
Page 21 and 22: Introduction and Methods 1.2. Metho
Page 23 and 24: Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
Page 25 and 26: Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
Page 27 and 28: Shark Catch Rates and Disposition T
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 4 National and Internationa
Page 31 and 32: National and International Measures
Page 33 and 34: Economic, Practical, Ecological and
Page 35 and 36: Economic, Practical, Ecological and
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 6 Industry Attitudes and Pr
Page 39 and 40: Industry Attitudes and Practices Lo
Page 41 and 42: Industry Attitudes and Practices Fi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 7 Potential of Deterrents,
Page 45 and 46: Potential of Deterrents, Hotspot Av
Page 47 and 48: References Campana, S.E., L. Marks,
Page 49: References Neves dos Santos, M., Ga
Page 99 and 100: Appendix 5 Japan Pelagic Longline F
Page 101 and 102: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries Fi
Page 103 and 104: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries mo
Page 105 and 106: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries Ta
Page 107 and 108: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries is
Page 109 and 110: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries ta
Page 111 and 112: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries In
Page 113 and 114: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries A5
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Appendix 6 Peru Artisanal Mahimahi
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Peru Artisanal Mahimahi And Shark L
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Appendix 7 South Africa Pelagic Lon
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South Africa Pelagic Longline Tuna
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Appendix 8 USA Hawaii-based Pelagic
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USA Hawaii-based Pelagic Longline S
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Appendix 9 USA Atlantic, Gulf of Me
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USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Ca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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