Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Shark Advisory group and Lack, M (2004) National Plan of Action for the Commonwealth and Management of Sharks Australain Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Canberra ACT 2601. Shotton, R. (Ed.) (1999). Case studies of the Management of elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No 378. 920 pp. (FAO: Rome.) Stevens, J. and Wayte, S. (1998) A review of Australia’s pelagic shark resources. FRDC project 98/107. Stevens, JD. (1999) Mangement of Shark Fisheries in Northern Australia. In Shotton R 1999 (Ed). Case studies of the mangement of elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 378/1&2, 456-479 pp United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome. Stevens, J.D.,(1999) Management of Shark Fisheries in Northern Australia. In case studies of the management of elasmobranch fisheries. (Shotton, R. 1999 Ed) Stevens, J.D. (1992) Blue and mako shark bycatch in the Japanese longline fishery off south-eastern Australia. In: Sharks : Biology and fisheries, pp 227-36 Ed. J.G. pepperell. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 43: 349 pp. United nations, (1995), Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, United Nations. Ward, P.J. (Ed.) (1996), Japanese Longlining in Eastern Australian Waters 1962-1990 Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra Ward, P., Robbins, C., Kreutz, D (2005) The effect of circle hooks on target and non-target catches in Australia’s longline fisheries. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra, Australia Watson, J.W., Epperly, S.P., Shah, A.K. and Foster, D.G. (2005) Fishing methods to reduce sea turtle mortality associated with pelagic longlines. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62: 965-981 54
Appendix 2 Chile Artisanal Mahimahi and Shark Longline Fishery and Longline Swordfish Fishery: Industry Practices and Attitudes towards Shark Depredation and Bycatch Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto and Jeff Mangel, Pro Delphinus, Peru, prodelphinus@prodelphinus.org Miguel Donoso, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Chile, mdonoso@ifop.cl Twenty-two interviews with artisanal longliners for mahi mahi and industrial swordfish fishermen were conducted in three fishing ports in Chile from February to August 2006 (three from the swordfish fishery and 19 from the artisanal mahi mahi longline fleet). Of the artisanal fishermen, 2 were vessel owners, 10 were captains and 7 were crewmembers. Average years of fishing were 37.5 for owners, 20 for captains and 18.5 for crew members. All three swordfish fishermen interviewed were captains with an average of 11 years fishing. Information on the longline fishery was obtained from the publications of the Servicio Nacional de Pesca (SERNAPESCA), the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) and from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) publications that make reference to Chilean fisheries and the FAO Fish Stats program. Information on the regulations was obtained from the Subsecretaría de Pesca (SUBPESCA). Chile is divided in 12 geographic and political regions (I-XII). To promote decentralization, each of these Regions has regulations and quotas for each fishery. In northern Chile the artisanal longline has a shark fishery similar to the Peruvian shark fisheries. For the purpose of this study we conducted the surveys in this area during the mahi mahi season, where sharks are taken as bycatch, and also conducted the surveys of the industrial swordfish fishery, where sharks are also taken as bycatch. A2.1. Artisanal Longline Fishery Characteristics Chilean legislation defines the artisanal fishery as an operation run by individuals (fisherman, captain, vessel owner or crew) or industries registered as such and using an artisanal vessel. An artisanal vessel should be registered in that category, and has a maximum length of 18 meters and a maximum weight of 50 tons (Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, 1991). There are about 131 vessels registered for this fishery (Barria et al., 2006). The artisanal fishery for mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) operates during the austral summer and for sharks throughout the year. There are slight variations in fishing methods from vessel to vessel in the artisanal longline fleet. The use of longlines by the artisanal fleet to target sharks is only authorized by the government to occur along Chile’s northern coast from Region I to Region III (Diario Oficial, 2002). The main ports in these Regions are Arica, Iquique, Tocopilla, Antofagasta and Caldera (Barria et al., 2006). Sharks may be taken throughout the year, but during certain seasons, when mahi mahi is more available and has a higher value, the fleet tends to target mahi mahi. During the mahi mahi season, vessels only land sharks that are caught during the trips last sets and only if space is available on the vessel. If availability of sharks is good, blue sharks are usually discarded because the price for mako sharks is higher. Captures of mahi mahi in these three regions account for 70% of total landings of the species for the country. Forty seven percent of the country total is captured in Region I (Arica and Iquique ports) (SERNAPESCA, 2006). A2.2. The Industrial and Artisanal Swordfish Fishery The industrial swordfish fishery‘s main target is the swordfish (Xiphius gladius), but other species are also captured and retained (Fig. A2.1). This fishery includes 16 longline vessels operated from Coquimbo and Valparaiso (for administrative purposes, ten of these vessels are registered as industrial while the remain 6 are listed as artisanal). This is a seasonal fishery that operates mainly from March to December. Length of vessels range from 16.6 - 42.2 m. Storage capacity ranges between 40 to 374 m 3 (Barria et al., 2006). This longline fishery operates mainly from 16°S - 40°S and 78°W - 108°W. The fleet is active primarily from March to September, but some sets are also performed through December. The principal 55
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
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Contents Summary and Conclusions 1
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Contents Appendix 3. Fiji Pelagic L
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Contents Appendix 8. USA Hawaii Lon
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Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction and Methods
Page 21 and 22: Introduction and Methods 1.2. Metho
Page 23 and 24: Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
Page 25 and 26: Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
Page 27 and 28: Shark Catch Rates and Disposition T
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 4 National and Internationa
Page 31 and 32: National and International Measures
Page 33 and 34: Economic, Practical, Ecological and
Page 35 and 36: Economic, Practical, Ecological and
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 6 Industry Attitudes and Pr
Page 39 and 40: Industry Attitudes and Practices Lo
Page 41 and 42: Industry Attitudes and Practices Fi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 7 Potential of Deterrents,
Page 45 and 46: Potential of Deterrents, Hotspot Av
Page 47 and 48: References Campana, S.E., L. Marks,
Page 49: References Neves dos Santos, M., Ga
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Page 99 and 100: Appendix 5 Japan Pelagic Longline F
Page 101 and 102: Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries Fi
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Page 115 and 116: Appendix 6 Peru Artisanal Mahimahi
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Peru Artisanal Mahimahi And Shark L
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Appendix 7 South Africa Pelagic Lon
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South Africa Pelagic Longline Tuna
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Appendix 8 USA Hawaii-based Pelagic
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USA Hawaii-based Pelagic Longline S
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Appendix 9 USA Atlantic, Gulf of Me
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USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Ca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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