Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries A2.17. References ACUÑA E., CID, L. and E. PEREZ, I. KONG, M. ARAYA, J. LAMILLA & J. PEÑAILILLO. 2001. Estudio biológico de tiburones (marrajo dentudo, azulejo y tiburón sardinero) en la zona norte y central de Chile. Informe final proyecto FIP Nº 2000- 23. 128 pp. ACUÑA, E. and LAMILLA, J. 2004. Lineamientos Básicos para desarrollar el Plan de Accion Nacional del Tiburones. Antecedentes para la elaboración del Plan de Accion. Situación Actual de algunas pesquerías chilenas. Proyecto FIP 2004-18. Universidad Austral de Chile. Fig. A2.15. Bow (left) and stern views of an industrial swordfish longline vessel in the port of Valparaiso. BONFIL, R. 1994. Overview of world elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 341. Rome, FAO. 125 pp. BARRIA M., P., DONOSO P., M., 2006. Seguimiento del Estado de Situación de las principales pesquerías nacionales. Pesquería Recursos Altamente Migratorios, 2005. Informe Final, BIP 30033825-0, Mayo 2006. CATARCI, C. 2004. World markets and industry of selected commerciallyexploited aquatic species with an international conservation profile. FAO Fisheries Circular. No. 990. Rome, FAO. 186p. DIARIO OFICIAL. 1990. ESTABLECE NORMALS DE REGULACION PARA LA PES- QUERIA DE PEZ ESPADA O ALBACORA. Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Reconstrucción, Subsecretaria de Pesca. Nro 293, del 5 de Setiembre de 1990. DIARIO OFICIAL. 1994. REGULA APAREJO DE PESCA PARA LA CAPTURA DE LAS ESPECIES TIBURON O MARRAJO Y AZULEJO EN AREA QUE INDICA. Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Reconstrucción, Subsecretaria de Pesca. Nro 99, del 19 de Enero del 1994. DIARIO OFICIAL. 2002. EXTIENDE AREA DE OPERACIONES PARA PESCA ARTESANAL DE ESPECIES TIBURONES MARRAJO Y AZULEJO. Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Reconstrucción, Subsecretaria de Pesca. Nro 1307, del 25 de Junio del 2002. Fig. A2.16. Offloading tuna from industrial swordfish vessel. LEY 1971. Titulo 1 Del Limite Máximo de Captura por Armador. FAO FISHERY INFORMATION, DATA AND STATISTICS UNIT, 2006. Fisheries commodities production and trade 1976-2004. FISHSTAT Plus - Universal software for fishery statistical time series [online or CD-ROM]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: http:// www.fao.org/fi/statist/FISOFT/FISHPLUS.asp SERVICIO NACIONAL DE PESCA (SERNAPESCA), 2006. Anuarios estadísticos de Pesca. Años: 1990-2005. Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Reconstrucción, Chile SERVICIO NACIONAL DE PESCA (SERNAPESCA). 2006a. Plan de Acción para Tiburones en Chile - Borrador. 2006. Propuesta Plan de Acción Nacional para la Conservación de Tiburones en Chile. Mayo 2006. VANNUCCINI, S. 1999. Shark Utilization, Marketing and Trade. FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 389, Rome, 1999. 66
Appendix 3 Fiji Pelagic Longline Tuna Fishery: Industry Practices and Attitudes towards Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch Nicola Thomson, Environment Consultants Fiji, watling@connect.com.fj A3.1. Introduction In this study we investigate: (i) The extent of wanted and unwanted shark by-catch and depredation in pelagic longline fisheries in Fiji Waters; (ii) existing industry (captains, crew, company directors) practices to respond to shark interactions and interest in reducing shark interactions; and (iii) industry opinion on the practicality, viability and acceptability to fishermen of different methods that could be used to reduce shark interactions with pelagic longline gear. A3.2. Methods We collected informationfor this study through: (i) Interviews of six fishermen, fleet owners and operators of the Fijian pelagic longline tuna fishery conducted between 19 and 31 August 2006; (ii) Fiji longline observer databases (held with the Fijian Department of Fishe-ries and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community); (iii) Fiji Bureau of Statistics trade data; and (iv) a literature review. It was not possible to access Fiji logbook data from the Department of Fisheries as, according to the department, the data are not currently complied in a form that can be summarised. However, logbook data that are included in the Department’s annual report were used to develop conduct this study. Of the 6 interviewees, 2 were owner-operators, 3 were captains but not vessel owners and 1 was a crew member. The 6 fishermen have been pelagic longlining between 8 and 20 years with a mean of 15 years (SD of 4.5) and have been longlining based from Fiji between 8 and 20 years with a mean of 13 years (SD of 4.9). In addition, a number of experts were consulted for advice and information, these people were: • Tim Lawson, Principal Fisheries Scientist, Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community; • Deidre Brogan, Fishery Monitoring Supervisor, Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community; • William Sokimi, Fisheries Development Officer, Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community; • Apolosi Turaganivalu, Principal Administration Officer, Fiji Department of Fisheries; • Neomai Turaganivalu-Ravitu, Fiji Department of Fisheries; • Anare Raiwalui, Licensing Officer, Tuna Offshore Regulatory Unit; • Grahame Southwick, Director, Fiji Fish Limited; • Robert Stone, Fisheries Consultant, StoneFish (Fiji) Limited; • Pio Manoa, Lecturer in Marine Policy, University of the South Pacific; and • Nilesh Goundar, Oceans Campaigner, Greenpeace South Pacific Programme. A3.3. Fiji Fleet Characteristics In 2006, 66 longline vessels were licensed to operate in Fiji’s EEZ. Table A3.1 provides a summary of the number of tuna longline vessels licensed to fish in Fiji Waters over the last few years all of which come from the domestic fleet. Furthermore, foreign fishing vessels (mainly Taiwanese and Korean) operating outside Fiji’s EEZ come to Fiji for transhipment and provisioning, some of these vessels also off-load their catch at Fiji seaports. 67
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Contents Summary and Conclusions 1
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Contents Appendix 3. Fiji Pelagic L
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Contents Appendix 8. USA Hawaii Lon
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Methods
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Introduction and Methods 1.2. Metho
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Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
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Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
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Shark Catch Rates and Disposition T
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South Africa Pelagic Longline Tuna
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South Africa Pelagic Longline Tuna
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Appendix 8 USA Hawaii-based Pelagic
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USA Hawaii-based Pelagic Longline S
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Appendix 9 USA Atlantic, Gulf of Me
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USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Ca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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