<strong>Shark</strong> <strong>Depredation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Unwanted</strong> <strong>Bycatch</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Pelagic</strong> Longl<strong>in</strong>e Fisheries 40. Do you th<strong>in</strong>k most sharks that are released alive survive? Yes 14 No 0 41. If allowed would you use wire? Yes 8 No 6 42. Are the survival prospects for all shark species the same? Yes 4 No 10 43. Do any exist<strong>in</strong>g shark regulations have any effect at all on your actual catch rate of sharks? Yes 7 No 7 44. Do any exist<strong>in</strong>g shark regulations have any effect at all on the proportion of sharks that survive capture? Yes 5 No 9 45. Does your revenue from sharks exceed the cost of catch<strong>in</strong>g them (gear, bait loss, <strong>and</strong> therefore perhaps target species catch rate reduction)? Yes 7 No 7 46. If regulations allowed, could your revenue from sharks become an economic advantage to you? Yes 7 No 7 47. Are regulations necessary to conserve sharks from impacts of your fishery? Yes 7 No 6 Uncerta<strong>in</strong> 1 48. <strong>Shark</strong> damage to commercial catch…is it an issue or not? Yes 12 No 2 49. How are sharks h<strong>and</strong>led if they are to be discarded/ reta<strong>in</strong>ed? Method Used Reta<strong>in</strong>ed Discarded • Shoot then cut free • Shoot <strong>and</strong> recover gear 1 • Shoot <strong>and</strong> gaff aboard 4 • Pull alongside <strong>and</strong> cut l<strong>in</strong>e close as possible 6 • Cut with l<strong>in</strong>e-cutter 1 • Use de-hooker • Gaff then haul aboard 2 • Pull alongside, harpoon 1 52
Australia Longl<strong>in</strong>e Tuna <strong>and</strong> Billfish Fishery A1.11. References ABARE, (2003) Australian Fisheries Statistics 2003, Australian Bureau of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Resource Economics, Canberra ABARE (2005), Australian Fisheries Statistics 2004, Australian Bureau of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Resource Economics, Canberra, Australia AFFA, (2003), look<strong>in</strong>g to the future: A Review of Commonwealth Fisheries Policy, Commonwealth Department of Agriculture, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Forestry – Australia, Canberra AFMA, (1998) Logbook Validation Survey for the Eastern Tuna <strong>and</strong> Billfish Fishery, Canberra AFMA (2001) Southern <strong>Shark</strong> <strong>and</strong> South East Non-trawl Fishery <strong>Bycatch</strong> Action Plan (2001). Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberra, Australia AFMA, (2001), Australia’s Tuna Fisheries <strong>Bycatch</strong> Action Plan-Background Paper, Canberra AFMA (2004) Australia’s tuna <strong>and</strong> billfish Action Plan, Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Australian Government Canberra. AFMA (2005) Eastern Tuna <strong>and</strong> Billfish Fishery Management Plan 2005. Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberra, Australia. Barker, MJ <strong>and</strong> Schluessel, V. (2005 )Manag<strong>in</strong>g global shark fisheries: suggestions for prioritiz<strong>in</strong>g management strategies. Bigelow, K., Musyl, M.K., Poisson, F., Kleiber, P.. (2005) pelagic longl<strong>in</strong>e gear depth <strong>and</strong> shoal<strong>in</strong>g. Fisheries Research 77, 173-183 Bonfil, R.S. (1994). Overview of world elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 341: 119pp. Bureau of Resource Sciences, (2002), Fishery Status Reports 2000/01 Resource Assessment of Australian Commonwealth Fisheries, Agriculture, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Forestry – Australia, Canberra Bureau of Resource Sciences, (2003) Fishery Status Report 2002, Agriculture, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Forestry – Australia, Canberra Commonwealth of Australia (1998) Australia’s Oceans Policy, Canberra, Australia Commonwealth of Australia (2000), Commonwealth Policy <strong>and</strong> Fisheries <strong>Bycatch</strong>, Australian Fisheries <strong>Bycatch</strong>, Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Environment Austalia <strong>and</strong> the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Forestry – Australia, Canberra Daley, R., Stevens, J.,Last, P <strong>and</strong> Yearsley, G.(2005) Field Guide to Australian <strong>Shark</strong>s <strong>and</strong> Rays, CSIRO, Hobart. Dambacher, J.M.(2005) Analysis of AFMA observer data July 2004 to June 2005. Eastern Tuna <strong>and</strong> Billfish Fishery Resource Assessment Group Meet<strong>in</strong>g November 17-18 2005. CSIRO Mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> Atmospheric Research Lab. Hobart, Tasmania. Department of Environment <strong>and</strong> Heritage (DEH) (2005) Draft Threat Abatement Plan 2005 for the <strong>in</strong>cidental catch (or bycatch) of seabirds dur<strong>in</strong>g oceanic longl<strong>in</strong>e fish<strong>in</strong>g operations DEH, K<strong>in</strong>gston, Tasmania, Australia Environment Australia, (2000a) Recovery plan for Grey Nurse <strong>Shark</strong>s, carcharias taurus, <strong>in</strong> Australia, Environment Australia, Canberra Environment Australia (2000) Commonwealth Policy on Fisheries <strong>Bycatch</strong> Environment Australia, (2000b) white shark (carchardon carcharias) Recovery plan, Environment Australia, Canberra FAO (1999) The <strong>in</strong>ternational plan of action for the conservation <strong>and</strong> management of sharks. FAO. Rome. Falterman, B., <strong>and</strong> Graves, J.E. (2002) A comparison of the relative mortality <strong>and</strong> hook<strong>in</strong>g efficiency of circle <strong>and</strong> straight shank (“J”) hooks used <strong>in</strong> the pelagic longl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>dustry. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 30: 80-87 Francis M. P., Griggs, L.H., <strong>and</strong> Baird, S.J., (2001) <strong>Pelagic</strong> shark bycatch <strong>in</strong> the New Zeal<strong>and</strong> tuna longl<strong>in</strong>e fishery. Mar. Freshwater Res 52 165-78 Graham, K.J., Andrew, N.L., <strong>and</strong> Hodgson, K.E. (2001) Changes <strong>in</strong> relative abundance of sharks <strong>and</strong> rays on Australian South East Fishery Trawl grounds after twenty years of fish<strong>in</strong>g. Mar. Freshwater Res 52, 549-61. Harris, A <strong>and</strong> Ward, P. (1999) Non-target species <strong>in</strong> Australia’s Commonwealth Fisheries. A Critical Review, Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra Hobday,A.,Stobutzki, I., <strong>and</strong> Webb, H. (2004) Draft ecological Risk Assessment of Effects of fish<strong>in</strong>g: Eastern Tuna <strong>and</strong> Billfish Fishery (V7). In Hobday, A., Smith, A.D.M., <strong>and</strong> Stobutzki, I. Ecological Risk Assessment for Australian Commonwealth Fisheries. F<strong>in</strong>al Report-Stage 1. Hazard identification <strong>and</strong> prelim<strong>in</strong>ary risk assessment. Report to the Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberrs, Australia Jusseit, H. <strong>and</strong> Rob<strong>in</strong>son, E. (2003) Eastern Tuna <strong>and</strong> Billfish Fishery: Industry Code of Practice for Responsible Fish<strong>in</strong>g. East Coast Tuna Boat Owners Association Inc. Kaibla, PJ, Williams MJ, Stewart PC, Reichelt RE, Mc Nee A <strong>and</strong> Grieve C.(1993) Australian FisheriesResources. Bureau of resource sciences, Dept of Primary Industries <strong>and</strong> the Fisheries Research <strong>and</strong> Development Corporation Canberra Last, P.R., <strong>and</strong> Stevens, J.D., (1994) <strong>Shark</strong>s <strong>and</strong> Rays of Australia, CSIRO Division of Fisheries, CSIRO Division of Fisheries, CSIRO, Australia M<strong>in</strong>isterial Council on Forestry, Fisheries <strong>and</strong> Agriculture (MCFFA) (1999). National Policy on Fisheries <strong>Bycatch</strong>, FAFF, Canberra, Australia Moyes, C.D., Fragoso, N. Musyl, M.K. Brill, R.W. (2006) Predict<strong>in</strong>g postrelease survival <strong>in</strong> large pelagic fish. Accepted <strong>in</strong>to Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. Oritz, E. <strong>and</strong> Pease, B., (1992), Validation of Commonwealth Logbook Data for the NSW Component of the East Coast Tuna Fishery, NSW Fisheries Research Institute, Cronulla Rey, J.C <strong>and</strong> Munoz-Chapuli, R (1991) Relation between hook depth <strong>and</strong> fish<strong>in</strong>g efficiency <strong>in</strong> surface longl<strong>in</strong>e gear. Fishery bullet<strong>in</strong> (1991). 89: 729- 732. Rose, C <strong>and</strong> SAG (2001). Australian shark assessment report for the national plan of action for the conservation <strong>and</strong> management of sharks, Canberra, Rose, C., <strong>and</strong> McLaughl<strong>in</strong>, K. (2001) Review of shark f<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Australian fisheries, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra, Australia SCFA (st<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g committee on fisheries <strong>and</strong> Aquaculture) (1998) Research priorities for Australian fisheries <strong>and</strong> aquaculture, SCFA, Canberra. 53
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