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with industry to give special support to the athletes (free flights, etc.). Finally,
on 1 st February 1993, a bid document of 550 pages was presented to the IOC.
Impact III started directly after winning the bid and will be investigated in detail
here. After the Games impact IV starts when the Olympic structure is used and
the knowledge gained helps to improve social life. The complexity of impacts III
and IV becomes visible in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Financial and social impact of the Sydney Olympic Games 2000.
Another perspective could be to look at the visibility and duration of each
impact (Preuss 2001a). Before explaining single fields, two main effects can be
identified:
1. Visitors: Tourism is Australia's single largest earner of foreign exchange.
A 10% increase in the number of visitors to Australia will create
30,000 jobs (ATC 1999: 10). The Games have changed the structure and
image of Sydney and Australia positively for tourism. The structure
(hotels, airport, public transportation, parks, etc.) improved as well as the
image due to the friendliness of volunteers, the showcasing of Australian
culture (including Aboriginals) and the success of the Olympics and
Paralympics. In view of tourists, the attributes "friendly", "fun" or
"different" were tried to be more often associated with Australia
2. Games activities: Some living conditions improved directly (higher
income through Olympic jobs, better transport, fun). The increased
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