Our new Biological Assessment is out - Klamath Basin Crisis

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Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Endangered Suckers: Environmental Baseline for Suckers Table 2-12. Conservation and restoration actions taken by the KWUA and irrigation districts in the Upper Klamath Basin. Topic Goal Action KWUA Ecosystem Enhancement and Sucker Recovery Efforts Fish Passage Improvement Projects Local efforts to improve water quality On-the-ground, effective and scientifically sound ecosystem enhancement projects in the basin. Entrainment of listed suckers and lack of connectivity between sucker populations has identified effects of Klamath Project Operations. Project irrigators have played an active role in improving fish passage. Reduce agricultural nonpoint pollution loads and achieve load allocation under the TMDL.s Sprague River riparian improvements: 14 miles of riparian fencing and other improvements at a cost of $250,000. Assessments of grazing allotments in Modoc National Forest lead to change in use patterns and frequency. Screening the A Canal ($15M) Chiloquin Dam: participating in collaborative process ODFW Fish Passage Improvements: 13 projects for $250,000; 40 more planned at estimated cost of $1.3M (Jan 2003 estimate). Participation in technical committee to develop fish screen implementation plan for diversions throughout the Project Construction of the Link Dam Fish Ladder in 2003 Landowner advisory councils working with OR Dept of Ag to address water quality management on the Lost and Klamath Rivers. UKL Pilot Oxygenation Study Strategic water treatment ponds located through the project based on objectives, location and cost criteria. Implementation of ‘Walking Wetlands. Improved working relationships and management activities with Tule Lake National wildlife Refuge for wetlands, water quality, and listed sucker management Reduced numbers of cattle in Klamath County from 1997 to 2007 by 32.9% (NASS website 10-4-07). Acreage removed from agricultural production and converted to wetlands between 1996 and 2007 totals approximately 25,033. 107
Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Endangered Suckers: Environmental Baseline for Suckers Other Impacts Fish Health Disease and parasite prevalence were not identified as threats at the time of listing for either suckers species. However, information since 1988 indicates that pathogens affect sucker health and survival, especially during adverse water quality events (USFWS 2007 LRS, 2007 SNS). Fish susceptiblility to pathogens in the Upper Klamath Basin may, in part, be affected by stressful water quality conditions. Although the quality of water in lakes throughout the upper basin can surpass critical thresholds that may lead to direct die off of adult suckers (Loftus 2001), poor water quality events periodically occur below these thresholds and, while not lethal, may stress suckers. Stress during poor water quality events may make suckers more susceptible to a host of naturally-occurring diseases, parasites, and other ailments in the waters of the upper basin. Year-old juvenile suckers have been typically scarce in recent sampling efforts of UKL. Body conditions and general fish health has been indicated as a factor influencing survival and abundance of juvenile suckers between autumn and the following spring. Investigation of several health parameters of juvenile suckers captured in UKL and in the A-canal fish bypass indicated a general decline in growth occurred in September (Foott and Stone 2005). The poor growth in late summer-early autumn may be a result of reduced feeding (Foott and Stone 2005). Reduced feeding may be a response to many things including stress from seasonal poor water quality events. Examination of age 0 juvenile suckers captured from the early 1990s through 2003 indicated an increasing prevalence of ectoparasites (i.e., Digenea and Lernaea sp.) through time (Simon and Markle 2004). It is not yet understood how, or if, these external parasites impact sucker populations but the increase in infection rates through the last decade indicate another potential stressor on suckers. Furthermore, there is evidence that disease outbreak may have played a role in the adult sucker die off event of 2003 (Foott 2004). Septicemia (blood-borne bacteria) appeared increased following in the samples following April. The identified bacteria responsible for septicemia tend to be opportunistic pathogens often associated with stress or are part of multiple infections (Foott 2004). Blood and plasma samples from these fish captured in April, July, and August, typically were no different from each other. General health of ‘sick’ or moribund fish was poorer than that of other sample groups, and Columnaris was the primary pathogen associated with morbidity (Foott 2004). Disease outbreak and poor health conditions may be exacerbated from poor, but not lethal, water quality events. 108
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This biological a
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Part 1 INTRODUCTION, ACTION AREA, A
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Part 2 ENDANGERED SUCKERS Sucker De
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Environmental Baseline Klamath Proj
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T&C 5 T&C 6 T&C 7 T&C 8 Fund instre
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Description Part 5 BALD EAGLES A la
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Figure 5-1. Bald Eagle range in Nor
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Part 7 CONSULTATION HISTORY Section
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Part 9 LITERATURE CITED Agrawal, A.
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Accomplishment Report, Winter 2007.
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