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Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Coho Salmon: Effects of the Proposed Action on Coho Salmon Summary - Scott River to Trinity River Reach Based on the discussion above, the Proposed Action may have: (-) an adverse impact in the form of reduced potential juvenile and fry habitat resulting from reduced annual flows at IGD, (+) proposed flows in the vicinity of 1,000 cfs are not expected to increase temperatures and would have the benefit of dampening the magnitude of diurnal fluctuations in temperature; and (?) an unknown impact on the availability of thermal refugia; and, an (?) unknown impact from disease. Lower Klamath River Populations The lower Klamath River populations include: Lower Klamath River Population; Lower Trinity River Population; Upper Trinity River Population; and, the South Fork Trinity River Population (see Table 3-11). IGD Flow IGD has a diminishing ability to regulate main stem flow and temperature the further you go downstream (see Figure 3-16). As mentioned earlier, modeling suggests that from approximately the Scott River downstream to the mouth of the Klamath River, tributary inputs and meteorological conditions are the primary temperature drivers throughout the year. During the critical summer months, monthly average discharge from IGD contributions to Klamath River flows, measured at Orleans (river mile 58; 1962 to 1991), is less than 20 percent in May and June (Figure 3, p. 88, NMFS 2002 BO). The Trinity River (river mile 43) is the major flow and temperature driver for the main stem of the Klamath River within this reach (see Figure 3-16). Consequently, the ability to control temperature in the lower Klamath River through flow management at IGD is limited due to travel time downstream of the dam, the influence of local meteorological conditions, and flow accretions from tributary sources Temperature IGD also has a diminishing ability to regulate the temperature within the main stem of the middle Klamath River. A key finding from recent studies on main stem Klamath River water temperatures, (PacifiCorp 2006 and Dunsmoor and Huntington 2006), was that the operational zone of impact on the thermal regime is pragmatically confined from IGD, downstream to the vicinity of Seiad Valley (river mile 129). This reach, from and including the Trinity River (river mile 43) to the mouth of the Klamath River is essentially beyond IGD discharge influence on main stem’s thermal regime. Thus, the Proposed Action, through temperature, will have minimal to no impact on the Lower Klamath River populations. Watercourse (2007) found that the average decrease in temperature associated with increased flows, from 1400 cfs to 3000 cfs, is approximately 0.2 °C, with the greatest thermal benefit of increased flow in February, March, and July with as much as 0.6 °C decrease in water temperature. See Appendix 3-C or more detail on the relationship between water temperature, distance from IGD, and flow. 239
Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Coho Salmon: Effects of the Proposed Action on Coho Salmon Disease In regards to disease, the relationship between the Klamath Project, water temperature, quantity and quality of IGD discharge, and conditions that exacerbate fish disease mechanisms is complicated and not fully understood. Under the IM approach in the Proposed Action, Reclamation will work with the Technical Team, NMFS, the States of California and Oregon, and the Tribes to identifying potential modifications to the flows at IGD that may reduce any direct and indirect impacts of the Klamath Project may have on mortality caused by disease. Summary – Trinity River to Mouth Reach Based on the discussion above, the Proposed Action, through flow, and temperature will have minimal to no impact on the Lower Klamath River populations. The Proposed Action would have an (?) unknown impact of these populations through disease. 240
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This biological a
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Part 1 INTRODUCTION, ACTION AREA, A
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Part 2 ENDANGERED SUCKERS Sucker De
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Table 2-7. Upper Klamath Basin Nutr
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Part 3 COHO SALMON Information abou
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Environmental Baseline Klamath Proj
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Page 214 and 215: Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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Figure 5-1. Bald Eagle range in Nor
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Part 7 CONSULTATION HISTORY Section
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Part 9 LITERATURE CITED Agrawal, A.
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Accomplishment Report, Winter 2007.
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