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Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Endangered Suckers: Sucker Description, Life History, Habitat, Distribution, and Abundance Figure 2-1. Upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California. Klamath Project lands are shown as shaded area on the map. Source: USFWS 2002 33
Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Endangered Suckers: Sucker Description, Life History, Habitat, Distribution, and Abundance Upper Klamath Lake Larvae produced in UKL tributaries migrate to the lake shortly after emergence from natal gravels (Cooperman and Markle 2003). Seasonal timing of larval sucker migration from the natal areas in the tributaries is determined by the timing of adult spawning and variable between sites (Tyler et al. 2007, Ellsworth et al. 2007). Larval suckers entering the drift peaked earliest at sites in the upper Sprague River, typically late March through April. Peak migration of larvae at the lower reaches of the Williamson and Sprague rivers occurred during mid May, but larvae were present in the drift as early as March and as late as early July (Ellsworth et al. in review). Early evidence suggested that larvae spend relatively little time upriver before drifting downstream to the lakes (Buettner and Scoppettone 1990, Perkins and Scoppettone 1996, Klamath Tribes 1996, Cooperman and Markle 2003). In the Williamson River, larval sucker out-migration from spawning sites begins as early as March and is generally completed by mid-July (Ellsworth et al. in review). Downstream movement takes place at night and near the water surface. During the day, larvae appear to move to the river margins and to seek cover in the emergent shoreline vegetation (Cooperman and Markle 2000). Recent evidence indicates that some larvae may rear to the juvenile stage in the riverine environment, as juvenile suckers have been captured in the Williamson and Sprague rivers through the summer months (Parrish 2007, Ellsworth et al. in review). In UKL, larval suckers are first captured in early April during most years. Peak larval sucker catches occur during June with densities dropping to very low levels by late July (Cooperman and Markle 2000, Simon et al. 1996, 2000). Larval suckers are found throughout UKL, with highest concentrations generally near the mouth of the Williamson River, and just to the east and west of the mouth, apparently depending on flow patterns. At the Link River, the outlet from UKL, larval suckers have been collected as early as April 28 and as late as July 18 (Gutermuth et al. 1999). Larval habitat in UKL is generally along the shoreline, in water 4 - 20 inches deep and associated with emergent aquatic vegetation (Buettner and Scoppettone 1990, Dunsmoor 1993, Simon et al. 1995, 1996, Markle and Simon 1993, 1994, Cooperman and Markle 2000, Dunsmoor et al. 2000, Reiser et al. 2001, Cooperman 2002, Markle and Dunsmoor 2007). Emergent vegetation provides cover from predators, protection from currents and turbulence, and concentrated prey (including zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and periphyton). Larvae do not appear to use submerged vegetation (e.g., pondweeds) as an alternative to emergent vegetation (Klamath Tribes 1995, Cooperman 2002). This is likely due to the absence of submerged vegetation when larvae are transforming into juveniles and possibly due to habitat preferences of the larvae (USFWS 2002). Submerged vegetation in in the Upper 34
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Environmental Baseline Klamath Proj
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T&C 5 T&C 6 T&C 7 T&C 8 Fund instre
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Description Part 5 BALD EAGLES A la
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Figure 5-1. Bald Eagle range in Nor
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Part 7 CONSULTATION HISTORY Section
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Part 9 LITERATURE CITED Agrawal, A.
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Accomplishment Report, Winter 2007.
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