Our new Biological Assessment is out - Klamath Basin Crisis

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Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Coho Salmon: Factors Affecting Species Environment describe each component of the diagram from the most distal to the most proximate (central) causes. In reviewing the envirogram, Reclamation identified three factors to be considered in assessing the impacts of the Proposed Action on coho salmon: water quantity (including timing); water quality (DO, nutrient loading, and temperature), and disease. The biology of coho salmon is multi-dimensional, and communicating such complexity schematically on two-dimensional paper is a daunting task. However, the linear design of an envirogram greatly facilitates assessment of individual components and their relation to the organism’s biology as a whole. Because the relationship between components is simplified to one-way interactions, the resulting diagrammatic representation simplifies visual assimilation of a great deal of information. Thus, the envirogram, by design, is synthetic and holistic. On the other hand, the simplicity of a linear design is not without drawbacks. For instance, the linearity does not represent the cyclic nature implicit in many elements in the environment. 213
Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Coho Salmon: Factors Affecting Species Environment Table 3-19. Klamath River coho salmon envirogram, Klamath Project, 2007. Coho salmon Life Stage 4 3 2 1 Centrum Adult Migration Spawning Egg and Alevin Early Fry Overwintering Smolt Migration Ocean Resources: Basin Climate Annual Precipitation Stream Flow Human Modifications Water Management Water ● ● ● ● ● ● Quantity and Human Modifications Inter-basin Timing Water Transfer Human Modifications Water Management Flow Regime Human Modifications Dams Water Temperature Dissolved Oxygen Water Human Modifications Land Use Nutrient Loading Quality ● ● ● ● ● ● Pollutants Human Modifications Land Use Broad Climatic Changes Contiential Shelf Prey: Small Fishes Marine Growth Fertility Food ● ● ● ● ● Basin Water Fertility Algae Production Prey: Invertebrates Freshwater Growth Malentities: Climate Annual Precipitation Human Modifications Water Management Flow Regime Water Temperature Human Modifications Dams Reservoirs Water Temperature Heat Stressors ● ● ● Human Modifications Land Use Removal of Riparian Vegetation Basin Climate Multi-year Drought Ground Water Level Thermal Refugia Basin Climate Annual Precipitation Stream Flow Human Modifications Water Management Connectivity ● ● ● ● Barriers to Upstream Migration Human Modifications Dams Suppression of Flushing Large Wood Debris Habitat ● ● ● ● ● ● Human Modifications Land Use Increase Sedimentation Quality Over Stream Cover Egg Hatching Human Modifications Land Use Increase Suffocation Success ● Sedimentation Artificial Propagation Competitors ● ● ● ● Human Modifications Hatcheries Past Hatchery Fitness ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Practices Predators: Water Temperature Exposure to Pathogens Stream Flow Disease ● ● ● ● Human Modifications Hatcheries Artificial Propagation Human Modifications Introduced Species Piscivorous Fishes, Birds, ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Suitable Habitat Mammals Alternate Prey Human Modifications Fisheries Physical ● ● Removal 214
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This biological a
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Part 1 INTRODUCTION, ACTION AREA, A
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Part 2 ENDANGERED SUCKERS Sucker De
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Table 2-7. Upper Klamath Basin Nutr
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Part 3 COHO SALMON Information abou
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Page 188 and 189: Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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Description Part 5 BALD EAGLES A la
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Figure 5-1. Bald Eagle range in Nor
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Part 7 CONSULTATION HISTORY Section
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Part 9 LITERATURE CITED Agrawal, A.
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Accomplishment Report, Winter 2007.
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