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Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Coho Salmon: Proposed Action In most years, Reclamation anticipates operating within the 25 to 75 percent exceedence levels. Figure 3-14 reflects the minimum flows of the Proposed Action, the modeled 25, 50, and 75 percent exceedence flows under the Proposed Action (2008 to 2018), the (1961 to 2006) historical 50 percent exceedence, which includes past Klamath Project operations. Figure 3-14. The proposed minimum flows, the 1961 to 2006 50 percent exceedence, and the model (2008 to 2018) 25, 50, and 75 percent exceedences. The modeled (2008 to 2018) exceedence flows do not reflect possible modification of flows by the Technical Team. 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Oct 1961 to 2006 50% Exceedence 2002 to 2012 Dry Year BO Minimums Proposed 2008 to 2018 Minimums Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 2002 to 2012 Dry BO 1961 to 2006 50% Exceedence 2008 to 2018 Modeled Flows 50% Exceedence Modeled 25% Exccedence Modeled 75% Exccedence 2008 to 2018 Modeled Flows at 50% Exceedence Aug Sep Source of modeled exceedence: J. Hicks, Chief, Planning Division, Reclamation, October 10, 2007, pers. comm. 211
Klamath Project Operations Biological Assessment Coho Salmon: Factors Affecting Species Environment The modeled 50 percent exceedence flows are based on Water Resources Integrated Modeling System (WRIMS) 30 modeling using the proposed lake elevations and refill curves identified in the Proposed Action as described in Part I of this document. However, modeled flows do not reflect potential recommendations for modifications of flows or lake elevations from the Interactive Management approach of the Proposed Action, through the Technical Team. The modeled flows at 50 percent exceedences reflect meeting UKL level refill rates and potential spills that would occur above those elevations. The "probability of exceedence" curve gives the forecast probability that a flow will be exceeded at the location in question. In other words, at a 50 percent exceedence level it is estimated that 50 percent of the time flows could be above this level and 50 percent of the time flows could be below this level. The total annual flows modeled under the Proposed Action utilized the historical data (1961 to 2006). However, the Proposed Action will modify the flow patterns by slightly lowering the flows from October through February and increasing the flows in April through July (see Figure 3-14). This will be accomplished by the Klamath Project operations storing more water earlier in the year so that it can be released during the March through June critical time period of coho salmon smolt out-migration. The additional flows will be beneficial to out-migrating smolt and provide for additional coho salmon juvenile and fry rearing habitat during this time period. Factors Affecting Species Environment Klamath River Coho Salmon Envirogram To determine the factors affecting ESA-listed coho salmon and its environment, Reclamation constructed an envirogram (Table 3-19), a concept introduced by Andrewartha and Birch (1984). Andrewartha and Birch define an envirogram as "a dendrogram whose branches trace pathways from distal causes in the web to proximate causes in the centrum." The centra are traditionally divided into four categories: resources, mates, malentities 31 , and predators (carnivores, parasites, and pathogens). Within each of these categories, the relationship between the target organism and each of the most distal influences in its environment is outlined in a linear fashion. To simplify explanation and interpretation of each linear relationship, symbolic equations are used to 30 Water Resources Integrated Modeling System, or WRIMS (a.k.a CALSIM), is a comprehensive and powerful modeling tool for water resources systems simulation. The model is a product of joint development between State of California, Department of Water Resources (DWR) and Bureau of Reclamation. 31 Malentities are considered “unfortunate accidents” – unintentional harm to the primary species, such as an animal that eats the primary species incidentally or infrequently (Sharks are a malentity for humans, fishing gear may incidentally capture species other than the target species.) 212
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Biological Assessment The Effects o
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Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This biological a
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Part 1 INTRODUCTION, ACTION AREA, A
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Part 2 ENDANGERED SUCKERS Sucker De
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Table 2-7. Upper Klamath Basin Nutr
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Part 3 COHO SALMON Information abou
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Page 186 and 187: Klamath Project Operations Biologic
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Description Part 5 BALD EAGLES A la
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Figure 5-1. Bald Eagle range in Nor
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Part 7 CONSULTATION HISTORY Section
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Part 9 LITERATURE CITED Agrawal, A.
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Accomplishment Report, Winter 2007.
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