rp21 situational analysis - Pacific Health Voices

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Acknowledgements This situational analysis was commissioned by the Australian Government’s Expert Advisory Committee on Asia–Pacific Regional Drug Issues with funding provided by AusAID through the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. It would not have been possible without the generous support provided by past and current participants in the Pacific Drug and Alcohol Research Network, the former staff of the Pacific Regional HIV Prevention Project and countless other people who shared their knowledge, contacts and information. Finally, the support and advice of colleagues at the Burnet Institute in providing information, contacts and review must be recognised. ix Acknowledgements
Situational analysis of drug and alcohol issues and responses in the Pacific Acronyms and abbreviations ACFID Australian Council for International Development ADB Asian Development Bank AFP Australian Federal Police AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ALAC Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand ANCD Australian National Council on Drugs APG Asia/Pacific Group AU$ Australian dollar AusAID Australian Agency for International Development x BINL BMS CBO CDC CIANGO CLAG DEA EDF EU FAO FCOSS FIU FJ$ FSM FSMed GATS (United States) Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Border management system (Federated States of Micronesia) Community-based organisations United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention Cook Islands Association of Non-Government Organisations Combined Law Agencies (United States) Drug Enforcement Administration European Development Fund European Union Food and Agriculture Organization Fiji Council of Social Services Financial Intelligence Unit Fiji dollar Federated States of Micronesia Fiji School of Medicine General Agreement on Trade in Services
Page 1 and 2: 21 Situational analysis ANCD resear
Page 3 and 4: © Australian National Council on D
Page 5 and 6: 3 Federated States of Micronesia ..
Page 7 and 8: 10 Papua New Guinea ...............
Page 9: 17 Vanuatu ........................
Page 13 and 14: Situational analysis of drug and al
Page 20 and 21: 1. Regional overview 1.1 Introducti
Page 22 and 23: and incorporate offences for emergi
Page 24 and 25: determined by national governments,
Page 26 and 27: Impact of trade To join the World T
Page 28 and 29: understanding of the issues exists
Page 30 and 31: Religion With high rates of active
Page 32 and 33: often before the courts. However, t
Page 34 and 35: the Pacific, but States such as Ton
Page 36 and 37: Inhalants While not illegal, the in
Page 38 and 39: 1.6 Regional networks and responses
Page 40 and 41: Health The previous situational ana
Page 42 and 43: Standards Association of Australia
Page 44 and 45: Islands to strengthen public health
Page 46 and 47: 1.9 Gaps analysis While existing re
Page 48 and 49: While there has been much discussio
Page 50 and 51: Response development While many PIC
Page 52 and 53: 2. Cook Islands Population 11 870 (
Page 54 and 55: determinant of drug and alcohol con
Page 56 and 57: trafficking and terrorist financing
Page 58 and 59: In 2002, Cook Islands representativ
Page 60 and 61:
Law enforcement The Cook Islands is
Page 62 and 63:
2.6 Australian involvement In the i
Page 64 and 65:
2.8 Gaps analysis Very little infor
Page 66 and 67:
The population of FSM is reportedly
Page 68 and 69:
period there may have been some ins
Page 70 and 71:
noted that price increases in comme
Page 72 and 73:
traditional leaders, community lead
Page 74 and 75:
3.8 Gaps analysis Unlike many of th
Page 76 and 77:
Demographics Census data for 2007 e
Page 78 and 79:
The 2000 Census reported that over
Page 80 and 81:
she was selling but not using drugs
Page 82 and 83:
among drinkers (69 per cent of male
Page 84 and 85:
Fiji. 308 This review included an i
Page 86 and 87:
In addition, the Fiji Council of So
Page 88 and 89:
4.8 Gaps analysis With Fiji’s inc
Page 90 and 91:
Demographics In the most recent Kir
Page 92 and 93:
5.3 Illicit drug trends Reports on
Page 94 and 95:
fermented toddy kaokioki and homebr
Page 96 and 97:
Parliament, in addition to increase
Page 98 and 99:
5.6 Australian involvement The Aust
Page 100 and 101:
6. Marshall Islands Population 64 5
Page 102 and 103:
6.2 Drug and alcohol overview The M
Page 104 and 105:
The relevant legislation for alcoho
Page 106 and 107:
Other programs Since independence t
Page 108 and 109:
Government Nauru became an independ
Page 110 and 111:
number of drinks consumed in a sess
Page 112 and 113:
the program of work, Australian adv
Page 114 and 115:
8. Niue Population Age Gender Liter
Page 116 and 117:
8.2 Drug and alcohol overview A New
Page 118 and 119:
a Master’s thesis on alcohol cons
Page 120 and 121:
with any New Zealand Act deemed to
Page 122 and 123:
8.6 Australian involvement It is es
Page 124 and 125:
9. Palau Population 20 796 (July 20
Page 126 and 127:
citizens to reside, work and study
Page 128 and 129:
the lower rate of use by females. 5
Page 130 and 131:
The legal age for alcohol purchases
Page 132 and 133:
Legislation The Public Health and S
Page 134 and 135:
9.6 Australian involvement Australi
Page 136 and 137:
9.8 Gaps analysis Palau’s respons
Page 138 and 139:
The most recent Census report 572 h
Page 140 and 141:
Cannabis Papua New Guinea is report
Page 142 and 143:
new employment opportunities for th
Page 144 and 145:
Law enforcement The National Narcot
Page 146 and 147:
Non-government organisations Papua
Page 148 and 149:
11. Samoa Population 219 998 (July
Page 150 and 151:
Health and development The United N
Page 152 and 153:
Cannabis A 2001 Drug Threat Assessm
Page 154 and 155:
Alcohol The Samoan Ministry of Heal
Page 156 and 157:
Kava Legislation As with many other
Page 158 and 159:
and American Samoa have agreed to c
Page 160 and 161:
Non-government organisations The Sa
Page 162 and 163:
careers. A 2007 training needs asse
Page 164 and 165:
Demographics The current population
Page 166 and 167:
12.4 Licit drug trends Alcohol Medi
Page 168 and 169:
Non-government organisations A 2007
Page 170 and 171:
13. Timor-Leste Population 1 131 61
Page 172 and 173:
The National Development Plan has i
Page 174 and 175:
13.4 Licit drug trends As with illi
Page 176 and 177:
programs include involvement with l
Page 178 and 179:
national development. The review wi
Page 180 and 181:
14. Tokelau Population 1416 (July 2
Page 182 and 183:
Health and development The main cha
Page 184 and 185:
Interestingly, consumption during c
Page 186 and 187:
Australian non-government organisat
Page 188 and 189:
15. Tonga Population 120 898 (July
Page 190 and 191:
develop a more effective and equita
Page 192 and 193:
In 2003, Tonga introduced heavy pen
Page 194 and 195:
in selection of the workers, avoidi
Page 196 and 197:
Illicit Drugs Control Bill 2002 pro
Page 198 and 199:
The Salvation Army Alcohol and Drug
Page 200 and 201:
The Fiji and Tonga Salvation Army o
Page 202 and 203:
Demographics The population of Tuva
Page 204 and 205:
Cannabis In 2008, police and custom
Page 206 and 207:
Health For the first time in 2009,
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
17. Vanuatu Population 218 519 (Jul
Page 212 and 213:
Health and development In the most
Page 214 and 215:
A 2003 report identified limited dr
Page 216 and 217:
household expenditure was VUV645 42
Page 218 and 219:
17.5 Local responses Legislation Hi
Page 220 and 221:
Non-government organisations The Va
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
17.8 Gaps analysis Participants at
Page 226 and 227:
Pacific Islands Law Officers’ Net
Page 228 and 229:
Pacific Islands Law Officers’ Net
Page 230 and 231:
Other areas • Understanding contr
Page 232 and 233:
Convention against Illicit Traffic
Page 234 and 235:
Convention against Illicit Traffic
Page 236 and 237:
SPARTECA 1981 MSG BTA FTA December
Page 238 and 239:
SPARTECA 1981 MSG BTA FTA R Nov 198
Page 240 and 241:
SPARTECA 1981 MSG BTA FTA S Jul 198
Page 242 and 243:
Australian World Vision Oxfam Save
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Alcohol Customs (Miscellaneous) Ame
Page 252 and 253:
Alcohol Liquor Act 1975; Liquor Ame
Page 254 and 255:
Alcohol Alcoholic Drink Act 1984 [C
Page 256 and 257:
Notes: Based on current publicly av
Page 258 and 259:
Blignault, I., Bunde-Birouste, A.,
Page 260 and 261:
Federated States of Micronesia Divi
Page 262 and 263:
Kuschel, R.T., Angikinui, F.T. & An
Page 264 and 265:
Pacific Regional HIV/AIDS Project (
Page 266 and 267:
South Pacific Forum, Forum Communiq
Page 268 and 269:
Media reports and websites £30m wo
Page 270 and 271:
Fiji’s HIV situation, Fiji Daily
Page 272 and 273:
O’Connor, Patrick, (2009), Moti d
Page 274 and 275:
Timor-Leste country review (2008) i
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