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■CONTENTS ix String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 join . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 lower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 split. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 translate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 New Functions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 ■CHAPTER 4 Dictionaries: When Indices Won’t Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 But What Are They For? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Dictionary Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 The dict Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Basic Dictionary Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 String Formatting with Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Dictionary Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 fromkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 has_key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 items and iteritems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 keys and iterkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 pop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 popitem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 setdefault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 values and itervalues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 New Functions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
x ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 5 Conditionals, Loops, and Some Other Statements . . . . . . . 81 More About print and import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Printing with Commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Importing Something As Something Else. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Assignment Magic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Sequence Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Chained Assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Augmented Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Blocks: The Joy of Indentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Conditions and Conditional Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 So That’s What Those Boolean Values Are For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Conditional Execution and the if Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 else Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 elif Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Nesting Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 More Complex Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Assertions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 while Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 for Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Iterating Over Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Some Iteration Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Breaking Out of Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 else Clauses in Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 List Comprehension—Slightly Loopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 And Three for the Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Nothing Happened!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Deleting with del . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Executing and Evaluating Strings with exec and eval . . . . . . . . . . 104 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 New Functions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 ■CHAPTER 6 Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Laziness Is a Virtue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Abstraction and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Creating Your Own Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Documenting Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Functions That Aren’t Really Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
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APPENDIX A ■ ■ ■ The Short Ve
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APPENDIX A ■ THE SHORT VERSION 54
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558 APPENDIX B ■ PYTHON REFERENCE
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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■INDEX 577 assertEqual method Tes
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■INDEX 579 cmd module 252, 501 Cm
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■INDEX 581 get method 74-75 has_k
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■INDEX 583 ■F Factory class twi
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■INDEX 585 finding conflicts 197
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■INDEX 587 initialization 38 nami
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■INDEX 589 localtime function tim
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■INDEX 591 nesting blocks 88 Netw
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■INDEX 593 playful programming 38
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■INDEX 595 Python C API 365 hand-
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■INDEX 599 split function re modu
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■INDEX 601 TestCase class methods
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■INDEX 603 further exploration 47
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