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CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 349 FF ====================================================================== FAIL: testFloats (__main__.ProductTestCase) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "test_my_math.py", line 17, in testFloats self.failUnless(p == x*y, 'Float multiplication failed') AssertionError: Float multiplication failed ====================================================================== FAIL: testIntegers (__main__.ProductTestCase) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "test_my_math.py", line 9, in testIntegers self.failUnless(p == x*y, 'Integer multiplication failed') AssertionError: Integer multiplication failed ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 2 tests in 0.001s FAILED (failures=2) This was all expected, so don’t worry too much. Now, at least, you know that the tests are really linked to the code: The code was wrong, and the tests failed. Wonderful. Next step: Make it work. In this case, there isn’t much to it, of course: def product(x, y): return x * y Now the output is simply .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 2 tests in 0.015s OK The two dots at the top are the tests. If you look closely at the jumbled output from the failed version, you’ll see that there were two characters on the top there as well: two Fs, indicating two failures. Just for fun, change the product function so that it fails for the specific parameters 7 and 9:
350 CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 def product(x, y): if x == 7 and y == 9: return 'An insidious bug has surfaced!' else: return x * y If you run the test script again, you should get a single failure: .F ====================================================================== FAIL: testIntegers (__main__.ProductTestCase) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "test_my_math.py", line 9, in testIntegers self.failUnless(p == x*y, 'Integer multiplication failed') AssertionError: Integer multiplication failed ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 2 tests in 0.005s FAILED (failures=1) ■Tip There is also a GUI for unittest. See the PyUnit (another name for unittest) Web page, http://pyunit.sf.net, for more information. Beyond Unit Tests Tests are clearly important, and for any somewhat complex project they are absolutely vital. Even if you don’t want to bother with structured suites of unit tests, you really have to have some way of running your program to see whether it works, and having this capability in place before you do any significant amount of coding can save you a bundle of work (and pain) later on. There are other ways of probulating (what, you don’t watch Futurama?) your program, and before ending this chapter I’ll show you a couple of quite useful tools for doing just that: source code checking and profiling. The first is a way of looking for common mistakes or problems in your code (a bit like what compilers can do for statically typed languages, but going far beyond that); the second is a way of finding out how fast your program really is. I discuss the topics in this order to honor the good old rule, “Make it work, make it better, make it faster.” The unit testing helped make it work; source code checking can help make it better; and, finally, profiling can help make it faster.
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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For Ranveig
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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viii ■CONTENTS Strings . . . . .
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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110 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION But w
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138 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Scope
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140 CHAPTER 7 ■ MORE ABSTRACTION
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CHAPTER 9 ■ MAGIC METHODS, PROPER
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256 CHAPTER 11 ■ FILES AND STUFF
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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■INDEX 579 cmd module 252, 501 Cm
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■INDEX 595 Python C API 365 hand-
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