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CHAPTER 22 ■ PROJECT 3: XML FOR ALL OCCASIONS 435 def characters(self, chars): if self.passthrough: self.out.write(chars) def defaultStart(self, name, attrs): if self.passthrough: self.out.write('') def defaultEnd(self, name): if self.passthrough: self.out.write('' % name) def startDirectory(self, attrs): self.directory.append(attrs['name']) self.ensureDirectory() def endDirectory(self): self.directory.pop() def startPage(self, attrs): filename = os.path.join(*self.directory+[attrs['name']+'.html']) self.out = open(filename, 'w') self.writeHeader(attrs['title']) self.passthrough = True def endPage(self): self.passthrough = False self.writeFooter() self.out.close() def writeHeader(self, title): self.out.write('\n \n ') self.out.write(title) self.out.write('\n \n \n') def writeFooter(self): self.out.write('\n \n\n') parse('website.xml', WebsiteConstructor('public_html'))
436 CHAPTER 22 ■ PROJECT 3: XML FOR ALL OCCASIONS Listing 22-4. The Files and Directories Created public_html/ public_html/index.html public_html/interests public_html/interests/shouting.html public_html/interests/sleeping.html public_html/interests/eating.html ENCODING BLUES If your XML file contains special characters (those with ordinal numbers above 127), you may be in trouble. The XML parser uses Unicode strings during its processing, and returns those to you (for example, in the characters event handler). Unicode handles the special characters just fine. However, if you want to convert this Unicode string to an ordinary string (which is what happens when you print it, for example), an exception is raised (assuming that your default encoding is ASCII): >>> some_string = u'Möööse' >>> some_string u'M\xf6\xf6\xf6se' >>> print some_string Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ? UnicodeError: ASCII encoding error: ordinal not in range(128) As you can see, the error message is “ASCII encoding error,” which actually means that Python has tried to encode the Unicode string with the ASCII encoding, which isn’t possible when it contains special characters like this. (You can find the default encoding of your installation using the sys.getdefaultencoding function. You can also change it with the sys.setdefaultencoding, but only in the site-wide customization file called site.py.) Encoding is done with the encode method: >>> some_string.encode('ascii') Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ? UnicodeError: ASCII encoding error: ordinal not in range(128) To solve this problem, you have to use another encoding—for example, ISO8859-1 (which is fine for most European languages): >>> print some_string.encode('iso8859-1') Möööse (The actual appearance of the output will depend on your terminal emulator.) You can find more information about such encodings at the World Wide Web Consortium’s Web site (http://www.w3.org/International/O-charset.html).
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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For Ranveig
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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viii ■CONTENTS Strings . . . . .
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x ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 5 Conditio
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xii ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 8 Except
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xiv ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 11 Files
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xxii ■CONTENTS Preparations . . .
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Instant Hacki
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CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTANT HACKING: THE
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CHAPTER 3 ■ WORKING WITH STRINGS
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CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Dictionaries:
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CHAPTER 4 ■ DICTIONARIES: WHEN IN
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82 CHAPTER 5 ■ CONDITIONALS, LOOP
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100 CHAPTER 5 ■ CONDITIONALS, LOO
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110 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION But w
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114 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Can I
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116 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION stora
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120 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION The p
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122 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION >>> p
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124 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Also,
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126 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Feel
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128 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION ■No
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130 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION So yo
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132 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION numer
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134 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION LAMBD
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136 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION In th
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138 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Scope
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140 CHAPTER 7 ■ MORE ABSTRACTION
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160 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS >>> im
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162 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS Custom
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168 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS Invali
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170 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS If you
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CHAPTER 9 ■ ■ ■ Magic Methods
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CHAPTER 9 ■ MAGIC METHODS, PROPER
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CHAPTER 10 ■ ■ ■ Batteries In
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CHAPTER 10 ■ BATTERIES INCLUDED 2
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256 CHAPTER 11 ■ FILES AND STUFF
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270 CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER I
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298 CHAPTER 14 ■ NETWORK PROGRAMM
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314 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE W
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CHAPTER 16 ■ ■ ■ Testing, 1-2
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358 CHAPTER 17 ■ EXTENDING PYTHON
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CHAPTER 18 ■ ■ ■ Packaging Yo
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CHAPTER 18 ■ PACKAGING YOUR PROGR
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CHAPTER 19 ■ ■ ■ Playful Prog
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CHAPTER 19 ■ PLAYFUL PROGRAMMING
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558 APPENDIX B ■ PYTHON REFERENCE
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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■INDEX 579 cmd module 252, 501 Cm
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■INDEX 581 get method 74-75 has_k
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■INDEX 585 finding conflicts 197
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■INDEX 587 initialization 38 nami
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■INDEX 589 localtime function tim
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■INDEX 591 nesting blocks 88 Netw
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■INDEX 595 Python C API 365 hand-
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