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CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE WEB 315 meaningless HTML as best they can. If this happens to look acceptable to the page author, he or she may be satisfied. This does make the job of screen scraping quite a bit harder, though. The general approach for parsing HTML in the standard library is event-based; you write event handlers that are called as the parser moves along the data. The standard library modules sgmllib and htmllib will let you parse really sloppy HTML in this manner, but if you want to extract data based on document structure (such as the first item after the second level-two heading), you’ll have to do some heavy guessing if there are missing tags, for example. You are certainly welcome to do this, if you like, but there is another way: Tidy. What’s Tidy? Tidy (http://tidy.sf.net) is a tool for fixing ill-formed and sloppy HTML. It can fix a range of common errors in a rather intelligent manner, doing lots of work that you’d probably rather not do yourself. It’s also quite configurable, letting you turn various corrections on or off. Here is an example of an HTML file filled with errors: some of them just Old Skool HTML, and some of them plain wrong (can you spot all the problems?): Pet Shop Complaints There is no way at all we can accept returned parrots. Dead Pets Our pets may tend to rest at times, but rarely die within the warranty period. News We have just received a really nice parrot. It's really nice. The Norwegian Blue Plumage and pining behavior More information Features: Beautiful plumage Here is the version that is fixed by Tidy:
316 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE WEB Pet Shop Complaints There is no way at all we can accept returned parrots. Dead Pets Our pets may tend to rest at times, but rarely die within the warranty period. News We have just received a really nice parrot. It's really nice. The Norwegian Blue Plumage and pining behavior More information Features: Beautiful plumage Of course, Tidy can’t fix all problems with an HTML file, but it does make sure it’s wellformed (that is, all elements nest properly), which makes it much easier for you to parse it. Getting a Tidy Library You can get Tidy and the library version of Tidy, Tidylib, from http://tidy.sf.net. There are wrappers for this library for several languages; however, at the time of writing, there is none for Python at this Web site. You can get Python wrappers for Tidy from other places, though; there is μTidyLib at http://utidylib.berlios.de and mxTidy at http://egenix.com/files/python/ mxTidy.html. At the time of writing, μTidyLib seems to be the most up to date of the two, but mxTidy is a bit easier to install. In Windows, simply download the installer for mxTidy, run it, and you have the module mx.Tidy at your fingertips. There are also RPM packages available. If you want to install the source package (presumably in a UNIX or Linux environment), you can simply run the distutils script, using python setup.py install.
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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For Ranveig
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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viii ■CONTENTS Strings . . . . .
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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140 CHAPTER 7 ■ MORE ABSTRACTION
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CHAPTER 9 ■ ■ ■ Magic Methods
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CHAPTER 9 ■ MAGIC METHODS, PROPER
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256 CHAPTER 11 ■ FILES AND STUFF
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392 CHAPTER 20 ■ PROJECT 1: INSTA
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558 APPENDIX B ■ PYTHON REFERENCE
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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