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CHAPTER 10 ■ BATTERIES INCLUDED 249 ■Note It is much more efficient to put the lines into a list and then join them at the end than to do something like this: # Don't do this: text = '' for line in fileinput.input(): text += line Although this looks elegant, each assignment has to create a new string, which is the old string with the new one appended. This leads to a terrible waste of resources and makes your program slow. Don’t do this. If you want a more elegant way to read in all the text of a file, take a peek at Chapter 11. So, I have just created a really powerful template system in only 15 lines of code (not counting whitespace and comments). I hope you’re starting to see how powerful Python becomes when you use the standard libraries. Let’s finish this example by testing the template system. Try running it on the simple file shown in Listing 10-12. Listing 10-12. A Simple Template Example [x = 2] [y = 3] The sum of [x] and [y] is [x + y]. You should see this: The sum of 2 and 3 is 5. ■Note It may not be obvious, but there are three empty lines in the preceding output—two above and one below the text. Although the first two fields have been replaced by empty strings, the newlines following them are still there. Also, the print statement adds a newline, which accounts for the empty line at the end. But wait, it gets better! Because I have used fileinput, I can process several files in turn. That means that I can use one file to define values for some variables, and then another file as a template where these values are inserted. For example, I might have one file with definitions as in Listing 10-13, named magnus.txt, and a template file as in Listing 10-14, named template.txt.
250 CHAPTER 10 ■ BATTERIES INCLUDED Listing 10-13. Some Template Definitions [name = 'Magnus Lie Hetland' ] [email = 'magnus@foo.bar' ] [language = 'python' ] Listing 10-14. A Template [import time] Dear [name], I would like to learn how to program. I hear you use the [language] language a lot -- is it something I should consider? And, by the way, is [email] your correct email address? Fooville, [time.asctime()] Oscar Frozzbozz The import time isn’t an assignment (which is the statement type I set out to handle), but because I’m not being picky and just use a simple try/except statement, my program supports any statement or expression that works with eval or exec. You can run the program like this (assuming a UNIX command line): $ python templates.py magnus.txt template.txt You should get some output similar to that in Listing 10-15. Listing 10-15. Sample Output from the Template System Dear Magnus Lie Hetland, I would like to learn how to program. I hear you use the python language a lot -- is it something I should consider? And, by the way, is magnus@foo.bar your correct email address? Fooville, Wed Apr 24 20:34:29 2004 Oscar Frozzbozz
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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For Ranveig
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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viii ■CONTENTS Strings . . . . .
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x ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 5 Conditio
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xii ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 8 Except
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xiv ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 11 Files
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xviii ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 20 Pro
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xxii ■CONTENTS Preparations . . .
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Instant Hacki
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CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTANT HACKING: THE
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CHAPTER 2 ■ ■ ■ Lists and Tup
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CHAPTER 3 ■ WORKING WITH STRINGS
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CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Dictionaries:
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82 CHAPTER 5 ■ CONDITIONALS, LOOP
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110 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION But w
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112 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION ■Ti
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114 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Can I
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116 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION stora
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124 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Also,
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128 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION ■No
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130 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION So yo
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134 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION LAMBD
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136 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION In th
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138 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Scope
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140 CHAPTER 7 ■ MORE ABSTRACTION
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160 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS >>> im
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162 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS Custom
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168 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS Invali
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170 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS If you
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CHAPTER 9 ■ ■ ■ Magic Methods
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CHAPTER 9 ■ MAGIC METHODS, PROPER
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300 CHAPTER 14 ■ NETWORK PROGRAMM
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314 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE W
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358 CHAPTER 17 ■ EXTENDING PYTHON
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CHAPTER 18 ■ ■ ■ Packaging Yo
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CHAPTER 18 ■ PACKAGING YOUR PROGR
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CHAPTER 19 ■ PLAYFUL PROGRAMMING
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392 CHAPTER 20 ■ PROJECT 1: INSTA
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CHAPTER 21 ■ PROJECT 2: PAINTING
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CHAPTER 22 ■ ■ ■ Project 3: X
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CHAPTER 22 ■ PROJECT 3: XML FOR A
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440 CHAPTER 23 ■ PROJECT 4: IN TH
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CHAPTER 24 ■ PROJECT 5: A VIRTUAL
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500 CHAPTER 27 ■ PROJECT 8: FILE
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CHAPTER 29 ■ PROJECT 10: DO-IT-YO
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APPENDIX A ■ ■ ■ The Short Ve
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APPENDIX A ■ THE SHORT VERSION 54
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558 APPENDIX B ■ PYTHON REFERENCE
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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■INDEX 579 cmd module 252, 501 Cm
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■INDEX 581 get method 74-75 has_k
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■INDEX 583 ■F Factory class twi
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■INDEX 585 finding conflicts 197
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■INDEX 589 localtime function tim
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■INDEX 591 nesting blocks 88 Netw
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■INDEX 595 Python C API 365 hand-
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