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CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Instant Hacking: The Basics It’s time to start hacking. 1 In this chapter, you learn how to take control of your computer by speaking a language it understands: Python. Nothing here is particularly difficult, so if you know the basics of how your computer works, you should be able to follow the examples and try them out yourself. I’ll go through the basics, starting with the excruciatingly simple, but because Python is such a powerful language, you’ll soon be able to do pretty advanced things. First, I show you how to get the software you need. Then I tell you a bit about algorithms and their main components, expressions, and statements. Throughout these sections, there are numerous small examples (most of them using only simple arithmetic) that you can try out in the Python interactive interpreter (see the section “The Interactive Interpreter,” later in this chapter). You learn about variables, functions, and modules, and after handling these topics, I show you how to write and run larger programs. Finally, I deal with strings, an important aspect of almost any Python program. Installing Python Before you can start programming, you need some new software. What follows is a short description of how to download and install Python. If you want to jump into the installation process without detailed guidance, you could simply visit http://www.python.org/download to get the most recent version of Python. Windows To install Python on a Windows machine, follow these steps: 1. Open a Web browser and go to http://www.python.org. 2. Click the “Download” link. 1. “Hacking” is not the same as “cracking,” which is a term describing computer crime. The two are often confused. “Hacking” basically means having fun while programming. For more information, see Eric Raymond’s article “How to Become a Hacker” at http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html. 1
2 CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTANT HACKING: THE BASICS 3. You should see several links here, with names such as “Python 2.4” and “Python 2.4 Windows installer”. Click the “Windows installer” link—it should give you the installer file directly. Go to step 5. If you can’t find such a link, click the link with the highest version among those with names like “Python 2.4.” Chances are that this link will be found early on the page. For Python 2.4, you could simply go to the URL http://www. python.org/2.4. 4. Follow the instructions for Windows users. This will entail downloading a file called python-2.4.msi (or something similar), where 2.4 should be the version number of the newest release. 5. Store the Windows Installer file somewhere on your computer, for example, C:\download\python-2.4.msi. (Just create a directory where you can find it later.) 6. Run the downloaded file by double-clicking it in Windows Explorer. This brings up the Python install wizard, which is really easy to use. Just accept the default settings, wait until the install is finished, and you’re ready to roll! ■Note Python for Microsoft Windows is distributed as a Windows Installer file, and requires that your Windows version supports Windows Installer 2.0 (or later). If you don’t have Windows Installer, it can be downloaded freely for Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4.0, and 2000. Windows XP already has Windows Installer, and many older machines will, too. There are download instructions for the Installer on the Python download page. Alternatively, you could go to the Microsoft download site, http://www.microsoft.com/downloads, and search for “Windows Installer” (or simply select it from the download menu). Choose the most recent version for your platform and follow the download and installation instructions. If you’re uncertain about whether you have Windows Installer or not, simply try executing step 6 of the previous installation instructions, double-clicking the MSI file. If you get the install wizard, everything is okay. See http://www.python. org/2.4/msi.html for advanced features of the Windows Installer related to Python installation. Assuming that the installation went well, you now have a new program in your Windows Start menu. Run the Python Integrated Development Environment (IDLE) by selecting Start ➤ Programs ➤ Python 2 ➤ IDLE (Python GUI). You should now see a window that looks like the one shown in Figure 1-1. If you feel a bit lost, simply select Help ➤ IDLE Help from the menu, and you get a simple description of the various menu items and basic usage. For more documentation on IDLE, check out http:// www.python.org/idle. (Here you will also find more information on running IDLE on platforms other than Windows.) If you press F1, or select Help ➤ Python Docs from the menu, you will get the full Python documentation. (The document there of most use to you will probably be the “Library Reference.”) All the documentation is searchable. 2. This menu option will probably include your version number: for example, Python 2.4.
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APPENDIX A ■ ■ ■ The Short Ve
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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